自我概念對高中職學生犯罪行為傾向影響之研究

The study of influence of the self-concept on the criminal behaviour tendency of the high school students

林幸宜(Hsing-Yi Lin)

指導教授 ： 黃富源

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究旨在瞭解桃園縣高中職學生自我概念與其犯罪行為關聯性，並探究桃園縣高中職學生自我概念對於其犯罪行為傾向是否有可預測性？同時也比較不同背景變項的桃園縣高中職學生對於自我概念與犯罪傾向的影響性。並根據研究結果，提出對於提昇自我概念、降低犯罪傾向的建議，期能對學校、家長及社會有所助益。
本研究採問卷調查法，調查方式採分層隨機叢集抽樣，以桃園縣高中職學生為對象，以「田納西自我概念量表」與「少年心理量表」為問卷，進行調查。抽樣對象包括桃園縣高中職學生共計932位填寫問卷，回收924份，回收率99.1％，經篩選後，有效問卷為835份，有效率90.4％。問卷回收資料處理進行各項的統計方式，其中敘述統計用來說明樣本基本背景資料，而獨立樣本t考驗與雙因子變異數分析則是用來檢定高中職學生的基本背景資料與自我概念各變項間是否有顯著差異，最後採用皮爾遜積差相關及逐步多元迴歸分析方法，希望能了解高中職學生的自我概念與犯罪行為傾向的是否具有相關性與預測性。
本研究獲得的主要結論如下：
壹、桃園縣高中職學生背景資料中「有無偏差行為」變項，對於其自我概念各項目有顯著差異，而「年級」、「科別」及「學校類別」變項的差異性次之。
貳、桃園縣高中職學生背景資料中「有無偏差行為」、「科別」及「家庭結構」變項對於犯罪傾向有顯著差異。
參、桃園縣高中職學生背景資料中「年級」、「家庭結構」及「學校類別」變項對於自我概念的相關性最高。
肆、桃園縣高中職學生背景資料中「學校類別」、「家庭結構」及「年級」變項對於青少年犯罪傾向有顯著相關。
伍、桃園縣高中職學生自我概念各變項「生理自我」、「道德倫理自我」、「心理自我」、「家庭自我」、「社會自我」、「學業自我」及「整體自我概念」皆與青少年犯罪傾向有高度相關性。
陸、桃園縣高中職學生背景資料中「年級」變項對於青少年自我概念與犯罪傾向最具預測力，而「家庭結構」及「性別」變項的預測力次之。
柒、桃園縣高中職學生的「整體自我概念」、「道德倫理自我」、「生理自我」及「心理自我」變項對於青少年犯罪傾向最具預測力。
最後依據研究結果，對於學校與家庭教育、提昇自我概念及降低犯罪傾向三大面向提出八點建議如下：
一、學校教育的改進與措施。
二、家庭結構的完整與功能。
三、重視親職教育，加強家長對孩子的關懷。
四、加強學生輔導工作，以提升學生自我概念。
五、多元化的學習與訓練。
六、建立良好的親子關係。
七、推行正向管教，降低學生發生偏差行為的機率。
八、加強法治教育，並鼓勵參與社會活動。

關鍵字

自我概念 ； 少年犯罪傾向

並列摘要

The study aims at investigating the relationship between self-concept and criminal behavior tendency of the high school students in Taoyuan County, also to discuss its predictability. In the study, we will see the extent of the effect by distinct backgrounds to self-concept and criminal behavior tendency of the high school students in Taoyuan County through the comparison of different variables. Following by the conclusion, we propose several suggestions upon elevating self-concept and degrading the criminal behavior tendency, hoping this research will be helpful to schools, parents, and the society.
The research data was collected from questionnaire, by stratified random cluster sampling in the high school students in Taoyuan County, adopting Tennessee Self Concept Scale and Juvenile Mental Scale. There are total 932 sampling objects, collecting 924 questionnaires, collecting rate: 99.1%. After sifting, valid effective questionnaire: 835, effective rate: 90.4%. We use descriptive statistics to present the basic background of samples, and to examine the significance between students’ basic backgrounds and self-concept by independent samples t test and two-factor analysis of variance. Moreover, we adopt Pearson product moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis method, hopefully to find out whether there are correlation and predictability or not between self-concept and criminal behavior tendency of the high school students.
Here are the results:
1.In the basic background in high school students in Taoyuan County, there is a significant difference upon the variable “with or without deviant behavior” to self-concept, and the following difference of other variables are “grades,” “divisions,” and “school types.”
2.In the basic background in high school students in Taoyuan County, there is a significant difference upon the variable “with or without deviant behavior,” “divisions,” and “family structures” to criminal behavior tendency.
3.In the basic background in high school students in Taoyuan County, the variables of “grades,” “family structures,” and “school types” are the highest correlation to self-concept.
4.In the basic background in high school students in Taoyuan County, the variables of “school types,” “family structures,” and “grades” are significantly correlated to criminal behavior tendency.
5.In all the variables in self-concept of the high school students in Taoyuan County, “physiological self,” “moral ethical self,” “psychological self,” “family self,” “social self,” “academic self,” and “overall self-concept” are all highly correlated to criminal behavior tendency.
6.In the basic background in high school students in Taoyuan County, the variable of “grades” shows its predictability to self-concept and criminal behavior tendency, and the followings are the “family structures” and “genders.”
7.In the basic background in high school students in Taoyuan County, the variables “overall self-concept,” “moral ethical self,” “physiological self,” and “psychological self” demonstrate strong predictability to criminal behavior tendency.
The study goes on implying eight suggestions over school and family education, elevating self-concept and degrading the criminal behavior tendency based on the data:
1.Improve schools’ educational policies.
2.Complete family structures and functions.
3.Emphasize on parenthood education.
4.Enhance student counseling to elevate their self-concept.
5.Encourage multiple learning and training curriculum.
6.Build well parent-child relationship.
7.Promote positive discipline to lower deviant behavior rate.
8.Stress on rules of law education and encourage students to participate more social activities.

並列關鍵字

self-concept ； criminal behaviour tendency

參考文獻

林生傳，2005，《教育社會學》。台北：巨流。

林筱芬，2009，《國中生知覺父母管教方式、自我概念、同儕關係之關聯性研究─以桃園縣為例》，中原大學教育研究所碩士論文。

許春金，2007，《犯罪學》。台北：三民。

黃德祥，2002，《青少年發展與輔導》。台北，五南。

盧欽銘，1979，＜我國兒童及青少年自我觀念的發展＞，《教育心理學報》12：123-132 。