國內大部分的道路鋪面均為瀝青混凝土,對於民眾而言,每天行走的道路是否平整及有無坑洞,可突顯公共工程品質的優劣。惟道路瀝青混凝土鋪設工程採購弊端層出不窮,廠商為追求利益,常以各種方式對採購人員施以利(色)誘等不法情事,嚴重影響市場公平競爭機制,戕害政府形象。本文從研究歸納政府採購犯罪之文獻建立基礎後,進而分析道路瀝青混凝土鋪設工程採購弊案常發生的犯罪模式及特徵,最後提出防制此類弊案犯罪之具體策略及建議。 本研究蒐集2004年至2014年有關違反道路瀝青混凝土鋪設工程規定一審有罪判決書20件,研究方法主要為「內容分析法」,研究結果發現:道路瀝青混凝土鋪設工程採購弊案最常發生的犯罪模式依是否涉及公務員犯罪,可分成「非涉貪污類」及「涉貪污類」,其中將非涉貪污類又細分為「基本型」及「檢驗機構型」,涉貪污類則細分為「基本型」、「白手套型」及「複雜型」,前者類型單純僅牽涉廠商間或廠商與檢驗機構間之犯罪行為,後者則以公務員與廠商勾結為原型,向外牽涉多方角色,形成白手套型,甚至擴張到涉及設計監造廠商、檢驗機構等複雜型犯罪模式。 經分析結果發現具有的特徵為:(1)道路瀝青鋪設工程弊案具有集團性及地區性之特性,且以地方政府層級之採購最常發生。(2)以採購時程來分析涉貪污類犯罪行為,機關高層人員犯罪行為常發生於招標、開標階段,基層承辦人則於整個採購階段都有發生犯罪可能,但以驗收階段最為常見。(3)涉貪污類犯罪模式以機關內部人員與廠商勾結並收受賄賂或回扣情形較常見,且公務員通常構成「違背職務收受賄賂罪」或「圖利罪」。(4)白手套型犯罪模式中,涉案之機關人員幾乎都是基層機關首長,且犯罪手法以洩漏採購秘密為常見。 本研究建議以加強稽核機制、鼓勵全民督工等措施,來防杜弊端發生。
Most of the road pavement is asphalt concrete in Taiwan. As far as the public is concerned, the quality of road represent for the quality of public construction. However, a variety of corruption of procurement for asphalt concrete pavement engineering constantly happens in the past, particularly suppliers bribe the civil servant with illegal means. This study is based on concluding related judgments and studies of government procurement and crimes involved in this area and analyzes the characteristics of modus operandi. This study also raises the concrete suggestions and strategies in terms of how to prevent the crime of procurement for asphalt concrete pavement engineering. The method of research is mainly based on「Content Analysis」, we found that the main modus operandi can be divided into「uncorruption modus」and「corruption modus」according to if the civil servant were involved or not. Uncorruption modus can be subdivided into 「basic style」and「inspection body style」. Corruption modus can be subdivided into「basic style」,「disguising style」and「complex style」. The results found that(1)The grouping and regional characteristics were observed in the crime of procurement for asphalt concrete pavement engineering, especially for the local governmental-level procurement.(2)As for corruption modus, the corruption was usually occurred in the procedures of invitation to tender and open tendering for senior staff, but in the procedure of inspection and acceptance for staff.(3)The symbolic style for corruption modus is civil servant accepts supplier’s bribes or kickbacks and constitutes crimes of either「profiteering」or「accepting a bribe or other improper benefits for a breach of official duties」.(4)The criminal civil servant of disguising style is the chief of basic government agency and the criminal means is leaking related information. In order to reduce the illegal behavior, this study suggests that the government should in place set up related mechanisms to strengthen the auditing mechanism, encourage people to report illegal behavior and so on.