政府部門節能照明CDM計畫之減碳與經濟效益評估

Carbon Abatement and Economic Benefits Assessment of the Government Sector Energy Saving Lighting CDM Project in Taiwan

蔡詩珊(Shih-Shan Tsai)

指導教授 ： 李堅明

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究利用聯合國氣候變化綱要公約(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC)之清潔發展機制(Clean Development Mechanism, CDM)計畫方法學，分析政府部門推動節能照明燈具(以T5節能燈具汰換T8低效率燈具)之節能源減碳效益，並利用淨現值法分析(Net Present Value, NPV)評估其經濟效益。由於發電係數是影響減碳與經濟效益的關鍵，本研究進一步比較台灣2008年之發電係數(0.637公斤CO2/度)與CDM方法學計算之發電係數(0.772公斤CO2/度)之減碳與經濟效益之差異。獲得本研究主要結論如下：(1)政府節能照明汰換具有龐大的減碳效益，以發電係數0.637公斤/度計算，每年減碳效益為342,784噸；如果以發電係數0.772公斤/度計算，每年減碳效益增加為358,328噸；(2)高發電係數提高節能照明經濟效益，且在相同的CERs價格下，折現率愈低，經濟效益的差距愈大；(3)發電係數影響基線排放量，具減碳效益的敏感性，由於台灣發電係數偏低，降低CDM計畫減碳與經濟效益，不利節能減碳政策推動；(4)在CDM額外性高門檻條件下，節能照明CDM計畫，無法符合額外性條件，這是台灣推動CDM計畫的最大困境，因此，短期間內，為有效推動台灣境內CDM計畫，應思考建立台灣特有的額外性認定準則。

關鍵字

清潔發展機制、經濟效益、發電係數

並列摘要

This research uses Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) methodology to assess energy saving and carbon reduction credits, which comes from energy-saving lighting replaces project (i.e. using T5 energy-saving light bulbs to replace inefficient T8 light bulbs) in the government sector, besides, this research employs the Net Present Value (NPV) approaches to evaluate its economic feasibility. The main results are obtained as follow: (1) Adopting energy-saving lighting in the government sector will provide substantial carbon reduction credits, for instance, if emission factor is 0.637 kilos of CO2 per kWh, it would reduce 342,784 tons CO2 emissions per year; otherwise, emission factor is 0.772 kilos of CO2 per kWh, it will reduce 358,328 tons CO2 emissions per year. (2) A higher carbon emission factor will increase economic benefits of the CDM project. If price of Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) is constant, then the lower discount rate will increase its economic benefits. (3) Emission factor of electricity generation is the key factor, which will influence carbon reduction and economic benefits of the CDM project. Since the power generation emission factor in Taiwan is less than the emission factor which uses CDM methodology to calculate. Therefore, This will decrease its benefits, and limit CDM project promotion in Taiwan. (4) Domestic CDM project is difficult to pass the additionality condition, hence, establishes a domestic additionality principle is a priority policy to launch CDM project in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) ； economic benefits ； electricity generation carbon coefficient

參考文獻

黃釋緯(2009)台灣照明節能政策對照明產業之影響，台灣經濟研究月刊，民國98年，第33卷，第4期。

林國鼎(2008)，「山豬窟垃圾掩埋場沼氣發電CDM計畫之經濟效益與環境評估」，國立台北大學自然資源與環境管理研究所，碩士論文。

UNEP(2008),”The Kyoto Protocol, The Clean Development Mechanism , And The Building And Construction Sector”.

中文文獻

中技社(2007)，「中聯資源公司提高爐石粉取代水泥之使用量已降低CO2設計計畫書第四版」，中技社，民國96年9月。