- 學位論文
以判決書探討軍事逃亡犯罪之特性
An Empirical Analysis on the Military Desertion Crime by Using Sentence Reports
摘要
目前軍中犯罪就單一犯罪類型之數量來比較，軍中逃亡犯罪仍佔多數；戰時逃亡尚可於社會通念中理解，但突顯於承平時期，為何逃亡犯罪連年仍居高不下之原因是為可議的研究方向！然而有關逃亡犯罪「法」規範領域之相關文獻已趨近飽和；但以犯罪學的角度來分析其犯罪之特性、成因及其預防，則付之闕如。其主要原因不外乎受制於軍事資料的封閉性、資料取得之困難、研究方法的無法落實及研究倫理之限制所致，甚為可惜及遺憾。 因此，除藉由本文發現軍中逃亡案件發生之現象及分析犯罪之人口、行為、訴訟特性外，冀研究所得能提供爾後國軍於防治逃亡犯罪作為之參考、探討並進而比較各類型軍事逃亡犯罪突顯於特性上的關聯；特別是兵役種類、犯罪的影響因素（也就是犯罪原因）及修法前、後有關訴訟在量刑上對各逃亡犯罪類型所造成的差異。 本文係根據民國88年10月至93年12月底849份經宣判後得公開之軍事法院判決書實施內容調查並以百分比（即次數分配，Frequency Distribution）檢定、卡方（Chi Square）檢定及LLM（Log-Linear Model）分析法進行實證分析研究。 發現結果顯示，階級為士官或士兵相對於軍官，觸犯長期逃亡犯罪的機率較高，亦即人口特徵中之階級與軍事逃亡犯罪（特別是長期逃亡犯罪）特性有直接顯著之關連性；「有違法的軍法前科者」相對於無任何前科（違紀）紀錄者、逃亡犯罪原因是「家庭因素」（主要原因為「家庭貧困」、「家庭不睦」）相對於部隊因素、「自首歸案」相對於被警察緝獲者及量刑是處以「有期徒刑附帶(易科)罰金者」或「有期徒刑附帶緩刑及(易科)罰金」相對於處以有期徒刑之處罰者，以上均有較高的機率成為短期逃亡罪犯，也就是說人口特徵中之前科紀錄、行為特徵中之犯罪原因（或稱犯罪的影響因素）、歸案方式及訴訟特徵中之量刑與軍事逃亡犯罪（特別是短期逃亡犯罪）特性有直接顯著之關連性。 故針對人口特性提出兵役制度的改革、教化政策的加強；行為特性方面提出家庭功能的重視、學校法治教育課程之改革、個人適應能力之調整及在訴訟特性部分透過修法等方式提出預防犯罪發生之具體建議。除欲喚醒國家、社會對卡其領犯罪的重視外，仍冀提供相關領域之先進對此類犯罪基本全貌之呈現，繼而對其他軍事犯罪的延伸研究達到拋磚引玉的效果，建構出一套符合國軍現況之軍事犯罪理論模式及軍事犯罪專門化的溫暖學術環境。
並列摘要
Currently, the amount of single crime type in the troop, relatively, the deserter offense is still the majority of all crime types. It can be acceptable in the social consensus when flee from the army during the wartime. But, in the peacetime, the fugitive offense remains higher of the crime rate in the troop for several years. It is worthy to research the reason of the issue (problem). However, the relevant references about the standard realm of the fugitive offense are almost saturation. The references with the angle of criminology to analyze the characteristic, cause, prevention of crime is rare. The main reasons are nothing but the close of military information, hardness to access information, the method of research can’t be carry out, and the restriction of research ethic. It is so pity and regrettable. Therefore, in addition to find the phenomenon of the desertion in the army and analyze population, behavior, litigation characteristic of crime by this text, we hope the research income can provide the reference for the army to avoid the desertion, to study and further compare with various types of military desertion crime to bring into relief in the connection of characteristic; it includes military service category, crime of impact factor(is also a crime reason) and before or revising law relevant litigation in measuring sentence to the difference that the each military desertion crime type causes especially. According to the military court verdicts, which are 849 copies and sentenced from OCT. the 88th year of the Republic of China to DEC. the 93thyear of the Republic of China, then empirical analyze and research to seek the features of the fugitive offense by using the test of Frequency Distribution、Chi Square and Log-Linear Model. The result of the research shows that the military rank of population characteristic with the trait of military desertion crime (escape over a long period of time especially)has direct connection obviously; In the population characteristic, previous section record, the crime reason(or call guilty impact factor) in the behavior characteristic, bring to the court for prosecution way and sentence in the litigation characteristic with military desertion crime (especially short-term desertion crime) trait have direct connection obviously. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen to the reform of military service system and education policy in the population characteristic; The behavior characteristic puts forward the value of family function、the reform of law and order education curriculum of the school、individual ability to adapt the adjustment of the army and at litigation characteristic part through revising law method to put forward the concrete suggestion of crime prevention occurrence. In addition to wanting to wake nation, society up to get a guilty value to the Khaki-Collar crime, it still hope forerunner who provide the related realm to this kind of crime the basic entire content presents, subsequently committing crime to other militaries of the extension research reach to throw the result that the brick leads jade, Creating actively a warm environment where is correspond to what’s need in the society and protect human rights.