常業住宅竊盜犯犯罪標的空間搜尋模式之研究

A Study on the Target Selection and Spatial Search Behavior of Habitual Residential Burglars

洪百亮(Pai-Liang Hung)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

北宜高與高速鐵路的興建開通，縮短了空間距離的關係，也牽動了環境與犯罪之間的微妙互動。日常活動理論指出，有能力和動機的嫌疑犯、合適的標的物及監控者的缺乏，三項要件在時、空上的聚合，犯罪就可能發生了。綜合日常活動理論和犯罪型態理論的看法，也就是犯罪者會在其家庭、工作、娛樂場所等日常生活的移動路徑上搜尋犯罪機會。影響犯罪者在其居住地與標的物之間的空間搜尋犯罪模式是什麼?是什麼因素影響了犯案者的決意歷程？
本研究以常業住宅竊盜犯罪類型為研究對象，透過對3名服刑中常業住宅竊盜犯訪談，並以刑事判決書為輔，利用電子地圖標示犯罪地點與住宅間關係，來說明並建構出犯案者對於犯罪標的的空間搜尋模式與慣性，更重要的是可能來自於那些因素的支配。
探討的內容包括犯罪動機、竊盜經驗、犯案時間、犯案手法、選定地區、選定住宅、屋內財物搜尋、行竊不利因素、犯罪路徑選擇、脫離方式、銷贓管道等層面，發現如下：
一、空間搜尋是由犯案地區進入犯案地點的漸進階段歷程建構而成。
二、犯案地區的搜尋透過軟體（認知）、硬體（環境）因素相互影響，產生空間知覺的延伸而來。
三、犯案地點的搜尋考量增加環境熟悉度與減低風險顧慮。
本研究建議如下：
一、掌控毒品人口，加強反毒策略。
二、減少無人在家，增加有人在家的特徵。
三、提高路口監視器解析度及有效拍攝角度。
四、加強二手商品店及銀樓業者之管理，阻斷銷贓管道。
五、立法管制或限制鎖行販賣開鎖掃頻器對象，嚴防與不肖業者掛鉤。
六、提升住宅竊盜破案率，展現追查決心。

關鍵字

常業竊盜 ； 住宅竊盜 ； 路徑選擇 ； 空間行為模式

並列摘要

Because BeiYi highway is open to traffic and High Speed Rail puts into service, they shorten the distance from Taipei to Yilan. They also influence the relationship between environment and crime. Provided by routine activity theory, the crime could occur if the three important elements meet. These are a suspect which has ability and motivation, a suitable object and the lack of monitors. Combining the perspectives of routine activity theory and crime pattern theory, criminals would search opportunities in the routine moving routes of family, work and entertainment. What influences a criminal’s spatial search model between criminal’s inhabitation and object? What factor influences the making decision process of criminals?
The subjects of this study are the habitual criminals of residential burglary, Three effective samples are selected to carry out a qualitative interview. And the criminal sentence for assistance explores and constructs the criminal’s spatial search model of object and habit by using e-map to mark the relationship of venue and residence. Most importantly, those factors probably affect spatial search model of object.
The content of exploring includes motivation, experience of burglary, crime time, crime techniques, choosing an area, choosing a residence, searching interior property, unfavorable factors of stealing, choosing crime routes, fleeing ways, channels of disposing stolen goods and so on.
The findings are as follows:
1. Spatial search model is constructed by the gradual process of entering the crime scene from a crime area.
2. Searching a crime area through the interaction of software (cognition) and
hardware(environment) to produce spatial perception.
3. Consider environment familiarity and an increase of risk misgiving in order to
search crime scenes.
The suggestions of this study are as follows:
1. Control drug abuse population, and strengthen the strategies of anti-drug.
2. Decrease the characteristics which nobody is home, and increase the
characteristics which someone is home.
3. Enhance monitor resolution at the crossroads and effective shooting angles.
4. Enhance the management of second hand stores and jewelry stores.
5. Legislate for controlling or restraining locksmiths from selling frequency
scanners to outlaws in order to prevent them from contacting unscrupulous
businessmen.
6.Enhance the detection rate of residential burglary and show the determination of investigation.

並列關鍵字

career thief ； residential burglary ； choice of paths ； spatial behavior model

參考文獻

周愫嫻，2004，《少年犯罪》。台北：五南。

許春金，2003，《犯罪學》。台北：三民。

王文忠，2003，《住宅竊盜被害與預防之研究》，中正大學犯罪防治研究所碩士論文。

邱豐光，2007，《常業住宅竊盜犯罪歷程之研究》，台北大學犯罪學研究所碩士論文。

孫榮光，1993 《宜蘭的變與不變-北宜高速公路衝擊宜蘭社經發展》，台大新聞學研究所碩士論文。