- 學位論文
政府採購法評選弊案犯罪模式及特徵之研究
The study on crime patterns of the government procurement evaluation committees
摘要
政府採購弊端層出不窮，尤其採購評選委員利用職務上的機會獲取個人不法利益之白領犯罪常引起社會高度矚目。本文從研究歸納政府採購及採購評選犯罪之文獻以建立基礎後，進而分析採購評選弊案常發生的犯罪模式之特徵，最後提出防制政府採購評選弊案犯罪之具體策略及建議。 本研究蒐集2008年至2011年有關違反採購評選規定一審有罪判決書23件，研究方法主要為「內容分析法」，研究結果發現：採購評選弊案最常發生的犯罪模式可分成洩密型及非洩密型，洩密型依洩密對象為廠商或透過白手套洩密，再分為「基本型」、「白手套型」；非洩密型分為「機關人員合意型」及「評選委員索賄型」，前者為廠商與機關人員共謀，介入採購實質內容，從中謀取私利，後者為評選委員主動向廠商索取不法利益，另從23件母體中挑選足以代表上述模式之判決書10件為樣本進行分析，發現具有的特徵為：（1）洩密型犯罪模式以機關內部人員洩漏委員名單情形較常見，且洩密者通常構成「圖利罪」或「違背職務收受賄賂罪」。（2）人情請託及關說是誘發採購評選貪瀆犯罪的主要因素；尤其對於主管長官違法之關說及指示，下屬不容易抗拒。（3）廠商為關說或賄賂機關人員及評選委員，須藉由多位白手套分工合作、居中搓合，形成產官學合作犯罪型態。（4）評選委員主動索賄情形極少見，但遇有廠商主動關說或以利相誘，容易陷入犯罪深淵。本研究建議包括：應建立「吹哨者」保護，鼓勵檢舉不法、建立公共工程廠商履約績效制度、強化評選機制之公平性、落實請託關說法制化，減少請託關說誘因等。
並列摘要
A variety of corruption of government procurement constantly happens in the past, particularly the commissioners of procurement select committee abuse their authority to their own benefit and advantage. This study is based on concluding related judgments and studies of government procurement and crimes involved in this area and analyzes the characteristics of modus operandi. This study also raises the concrete suggestions and strategies in terms of how to prevent the crime of government procurement. The method of research is mainly based on「Content Analysis」, we have found that the main modus operandi can be divided into「leaking modus」and「non-leaking modus」. Leaking modus can be subdivided into 「basic style」and「disguising style」according to the channels leaking related information through supplier or the third party. Non-leaking modus can be subdivided into「conspiracy style」and「blackmail style」. The result of analyzing 10 symbolic judgments projects some characteristics below:（1）the symbolic style for leaking modus is tipping off the list of commissioners of procurement select committee and constitutes crimes of either「profiteering」or「accepting a bribe or other improper benefits for a breach of official duties」；（2）entreating and lobbying are main causes of crimes on procurement corruption；（3）in order to bribe the officials and commissioners of procurement select committee, suppliers need to conspire with the third party, which forms a conspiracy structure including industry, official and scholar, to disguise their intent；and（4）commissioners of procurement select committee seldom actively blackmail suppliers but they are easy to get bribed as facing entreating or lure. This study suggests that the government should in place set up related mechanisms to protect whistle blower；to encourage people to report illegal behavior；to assess the performance of suppliers carrying out contracts；to enhance the fairness of tender evaluation；to implement the legal system of entreating and lobbying；and to reduce incentive of illegal lobbying.