發明人企業化及成立專業研發廠商之可行性分析

Feasibility Analysis on Enterprised Inventor and Establishing Specialized R&D Company

劉友菁(You-Jing Liu)

指導教授 ： 單驥

國立中央大學/管理學院/產業經濟研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究的目的在探討發明人企業化及成立專業研發廠商之可行性。分從訪談的方式，瞭解發明人之心路歷程；以問卷調查方式輔以訪談，進而瞭解發明人成立研發專業廠商之影響因素分析；另以實證模型之分析結果，探討分析發明人和影響發明人績效之因素來探討發明人成立研發專業廠商之可行性分析。

針對經濟部智慧財產局所舉辦的九十年度全國發明展發明人進行實地訪談後，整理訪談內容，包括發明人對發明創新的思維，及從事發明工作中，從創意到商品化每個階段之探討，以完整呈現出發明人在從事發明工作之心路歷程。並以電話訪談十位發明人，瞭解他們在發明過程中遇到情況與處境，再進行設計問卷，俾使問卷更趨於有效性與真實性，分析發明人以研發為主企業化之可能性。

研究調查顯示，有意願以研發為主企業化發明人之動機是對研究發明具有高度興趣；其次動機為發明人專門做研發廠商，不需要很多資金，因為一旦進入產品生產或行銷部分，則需一筆龐大的資金；第三個動機為發明人對自己很有自信，覺得自己是個很有創新能力的人；第四個動機想對社會有所貢獻，學以致用，且擁有成就感、榮譽。

在影響發明人發明績效之分析方面，1、年齡：發明人年齡呈現顯著的負關係。2、是否為專職發明人：發明人績效與其是否為專職發明人呈正相關。3、理工科系：發明人績效與理工科系有正相關。4、創造力：發明人績效與創造力有正相關；5、得獎件數：發明人績效與得獎件數呈正相關；6、商品化：實證結果顯示發明人績效和商品化呈正相關。

雖然多數發明人皆無良好的資金狀況維繫發明工作，本研究顯示，發明人在創造能力的程度上，不管是在客觀或主觀上，對於授權金收入或銷售收入之發明績效上皆有正面的影響。雖然無法預知其影響程度是否可以成立以研發為主企業化所需要的條件，換句話說，我們不能準確預知，是否有良好的創造能力程度之發明人，在其發明之績效所獲得的資金收入是否足以成立和維持以研發為主企業化之經營，但對於在成立或維持以研發為主企業化之經營上是有正面之幫助，亦可說是一個不可或缺的重要因素。同時由之前以研發為主企業化之可能性分析因素中可知，國家在專利制度和智慧財產權發展之健全和參與投資企業管道之暢通與否皆對成立以研發為主企業化之經營有正面之幫助。

關鍵字

專業性研發廠商 ； 商品化 ； 發明 ； 創業 ； 發明人 ； 企業化

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to discuss the feasibility of enterprised inventor and establishing specialized R&D Company. The experiences of inventor are understood through interview; and the analysis on the factors that influence the establishment of R&D specialized company by inventor are realized through questionnaire survey and interview; furthermore, according to the analysis of empirical model, factors that influence and analyze the performance of inventors are discussed to analyze the feasibility of establishing r&d specialized company by inventor.

The on-site interview with the inventors in the 2001 national invention exhibition hold by the Intellectual Property Office, Ministry of Economic Affairs included the thinking of inventors on invention innovation and the discussion on each stage from originality to commercialization during invention, in order to express their experiences in the invention completely. Ten inventors were interviewd by phone to understand the condition and situation they met during invention, and then design the questionnaire to make it closer to validity and reality, and to analyze the feasibility for them to enterprise r&d.

It shows that the 1st motivation for inventors willing to enterprise r&d is their high interests in research and invention; the 2nd motivation is that they do not need much capital when they specialized in r&d company, because once the production and marketing are involved, it would need a lot of money; the 3rd motivation is their confidence, they think they are people with ability in innovation; the 4th motivation is to have certain contribution to the society, to put into practice what has learned so they could have the sense of success and honor.

For the analysis on the factors that influence their invention performance, 1. Age: their ages appears significant negative relationship. 2. Full time inventor or not: their performance and full time invention has significant positive relationship. 3. Department of the science and engineering: this factor has positive correlation. 4. Originality: performance and originality has positive correlation; 5. Number of award: performance and number of award has positive correlation; 6. Commercialization: performance and commercialization has positive correlation. In terms of the degree of originality, the income of royalty or sell has positive influence. Integrity of national patent system and development of intellectual property right and smooth channel for enterprise investment are with positive help to establish enterprised R&D operation.

並列關鍵字

enterprise ； inventor ； start an enterprise ； invention ； commercialization ； specialized R&D Company

參考文獻

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