損耗性商品在供應鏈中之資訊分享和決策制定之協調

Information Sharing and Decision Coordination for Perishable Items in a Supply Chain

鄒易宏(I-Hung Tsou)

指導教授 ： 陳振明

國立中央大學/管理學院/工業管理研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本文探討具有損耗性的商品在一簡單的供應鏈之中，資訊分享和決策制定協調對其成本之影響。我們設定在單一製造商、單一運輸商及單一零售商的結構下，當下游零售商面對著跟時間相依的需求時的環境，研究三種不同的供應鏈整合策略，分別為無資訊分享和無決策制定協調策略、完全資訊分享和無決策制定協調策略及完全資訊分享和完全決策制定協調策略。
探討在三個策略之下，供應鏈成員會採取不同的補貨模式來最小化自身的成本，在無資訊分享和無決策制定協調策略的模式下，零售商產生對自己最佳的補貨排程而驅使製造商和運輸商進行逐批補貨；若完全資訊分享後，零售商產生的補貨排程會分享給製造商，因而使製造商採取最佳化的動態經濟批量模式；在完全資訊分享和完全決策制定協調策略的模式下，由於整個供應鏈分享資訊、統一決策，故可將供應鏈視為整合單一的計劃者，我們發展一個資訊相互分享且系統協調的模型，目標為產生最佳的補貨排程並使整體系統的成本最小化。
本文的目的在量化和分析當供應鏈採用上述不同整合策略且產品具有損耗性特質時，資訊分享和決策制定之協調所產生的價值，並且檢視供應鏈上因資訊分享和決策制定協調產生之價值是如何分配在成員之間，我們利用數值分析來輔助了解可能的情形為何，並透過敏感度分析來了解在參數變動下，對各整合策略績效的影響。

關鍵字

動態規劃 ； 損耗性商品 ； 決策制定協調 ； 供應鏈 ； 資訊分享

並列摘要

This study is to discuss the impact of information sharing and decision-making coordination for perishable items in a supply chain consisting of a single retailer, upstream manufacturer and transportation provider. We consisting of three varying-level strategies for integrating a supply chain—including “no information sharing and no coordination”, “full information sharing and no coordination”, and “full information sharing and full coordination”.
Depending on the three strategies, members of a supply chain tend to adopt different replenishment model to minimize their costs. We assume that the downstream retailer faces a continuous time-varying demand and generate his own optimal replenishment schedule to trigger the upstream manufacturer replenishment and the third part transportation under decentralized decision making. On the other hand, we develop a system coordination replenishment model with the objective of minimizing whole system costs to generate the common replenishment schedule under centralized decision making.
Our objective is to quantify and analyze value generated from a system of information sharing and decision coordination for perishable items in a whole supply chain according to aforementioned three different strategies, and then, to observe how the value is distributed among members of the chain. In the study, data simulation analysis is used to investigate all possible situations, and sensitivity analysis to find out effects of variable parameters on each strategy.

並列關鍵字

dynamic programming ； decision-making coordination ； perishable items ； supply chain ； information sharing

參考文獻

3.葉蕙華(2006), Information sharing and decision -making coordination in supply chain(供應鏈中資訊分享與決策制定之協調),國立中央大學工業管理研究所碩士論文。

4.Alexander, E.R. (1993), Inter-organizational Coordination: Theory and Practice, Journal of Planning Literature. Vol.7, No.4, 328-343.

5.Alexander, E.R. (1998), A structuration theory of inter-organizational coordination: Cases in environmental management, The International Journal of Organizational Analysis. Vol.6, No.4, 334-354.

6.Asanuma, B. (1991), Coordination between production and distribution in a globalized network of firms: Assembling flexibility achieved in the Japanese automobile industry, Kyoto University.

7.Azoury, K.S. (1985), Bayes solution to dynamic inventory models under unknown demand distribution, Management Science, Vol.31, No.9, 1150-1160.