主管領導風格知覺、人格特質、音樂偏好與工作績效影響之研究

research the relationship among leadership style sense, personality traits, music preference, and performance

鍾惠如(Hui-Ju Chung)

指導教授 ： 林建煌

國立中央大學/管理學院/企業管理學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2008年)

摘要

音樂在我們的生活中無所不在，很難想像一個完全沒有音樂的生活。有些人喜愛某種音樂是由於音樂能夠契合當時的心境、或是能調整他們的情緒，也有人喜歡透過音樂來創造出溫馨浪漫的生活空間，或是透過快節奏、且熱烈的音樂來釋放壓力或能量。不論是在音樂中尋找安慰、認同、或是靈感，音樂適時的反應了每個人獨特的個性、想法、品味。
　　不同的人格特質，其所表現出的行為模式亦有很大的差異，而每個人在聆聽的音樂偏好上，恰恰也反應了個人獨特的人格特質。而當一群人聚集在一起，為了共同目標而努力時，領導行為便會自然產生，McGregor（1960）認為人是達成組織目標最重要的因素，因此組織最應重視的資產也是人力資源。而影響員工績效有很多因素，許多研究指出，主管的領導風格對於員工的工作績效具有一定的影響力，但不同的人格特質，則需要運用不同的領導方式，才能有效的激勵員工，讓員工願意盡力達成組織目標。
　　本研究以台灣金融產業為例，探討音樂偏好、認知的主管領導風格、五大人格特質、人口統計變數與工作績效間的關係。
　　研究結果如下：
　　　　1. 當員工認知到放任主義的領導風格，其工作績效較佳。
　　　　2. 五大人格特質中，審慎性人格特質與工作績效呈現統計上顯著的正相關。
　　　　3. 音樂偏好中，以宗教類別音樂對於工作績效最具有正向的預測性。
　　　　4. 人口統計變數，性別、婚姻、年齡、工作年資、現職年資都與工作績效有統計上的顯著影響。
　　　　5. 例外管理的主管領導風格會因為員工傾向開放性的人格特質而導致於對工作績效有明顯的負面影響。
　　　　6. 鼓舞激勵的管理風格會因為員工傾向審慎性的人格特質而導致於對工作績效有明顯的正面影響。
　　　　7. 例外管理的主管領導風格會因為員工偏好欣賞宗教音樂，而對工作績效有明顯的正面影響。
　　根據上述的結論，提出下列管理層面上的建議：應考慮員工人格特質的不同，運用不同的領導風格。且金融服務業的標的是較為敏感的金錢資產，一般人對於金錢的態度也比較謹慎，因此自然會希望服務專員具有較為沈穩、專業的特質。在社會競爭激烈的情況下，適時的放鬆壓力，才能讓自己有再次出發的動力，而業務人員的工作比一般人壓力更大，且容易被客戶拒絕，每個月要追求一定的業績目標，自然容易讓心情受到影響，若是可以運用追求心靈平和的音樂來舒解壓力，在面對下一個客戶時用平常心去對待，相對的成功機率也較大，也讓工作績效呈正向的成長。

關鍵字

領導風格 ； 音樂偏好 ； 人格特質 ； 工作績效

並列摘要

Music is omnipresent in ours life, we can’t imagine the life without it. Some people like the specific music due to it can agree with their mind at that moment, or it can adjust their mood, and the other people like to create the romantic life style via music, or through the heave tempo to release their pressure. Whatever we want to find the consolation or inspiration in music, the music is properly reflected our individual personality, mind, and taste.
The behavior model is very different in our personality traits, and the music preference also responses our individual personality. When a group wants to achieve the same target, the leadership will be occurred naturally. McGregor(1960) thinks the most important factor in organization is people, and business should put their attention in human resources. There are many factors to effect staff’s performance. Many researches point out manager’s leadership style will influence staff’s performance, but in order to inspire staff to reach business goal, we need to use different leadership style for each individual personality traits.
This research is based on banking business to find the relationship among music preference, leadership style sense, personality traits, population statistics, and performance.
The results are as follows:
1. When staffs feel laissez-faire leadership, their performance will be better than the others.
2. In five-factor model of the NEO personality inventory, the conscientiousness and performance reveal positive correlation.
3. If staffs like religious music, their performance is better than the others.
4. The variances of population statistics, such as sex, marriage, age and working years all have positive effects on performance.
5. Laissez-faire leadership will have negative effect in performance when staff’s personality is openness.
6. Inspiration motivation leadership will have positive effect in performance when staff’s personality is conscientiousness.
7. Laissez-faire leadership will have positive effect in performance when staffs like to listen to religious music.
According to above conclusions, there are some suggestions for management: we should apply different leadership style based on different personality traits. As money is very sensitive asset, people always handle it very carefully; therefore they will ask for conscientious and professional service in banking industry. In such competitive environment, sales people bear more pressure than others since they need to achieve their monthly goal even thought they are rejected by the customers. In such circumstances, if they can listen to music to release the pressure, and face the next customer with ease, the possibility of being success is higher and their performance will be getting better.

並列關鍵字

performance ； personality trait ； leadership style ； music preference

參考文獻

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