戰後臺灣北部客家茶產業經營性格

Operational personality of tea industry among northern Hakka of Taiwan after the Second World War

徐幸君(Hsing-chun Hsu)

指導教授 ： 張翰璧

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家社會文化研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

北部臺灣茶市場的通路、產品販賣權通常受洋行、茶商所操控的產業結構，當市場轉變或新的茶產品出現，使得原先位居生產、製造為主的客籍製茶業者，特別是製茶工廠，其得以有新的機會，在某些資源與條件許可下，另外成立一個不同台北茶商組織的製茶公會組織。
在北部臺茶演進的歷史過程中，整個生產、製造、銷售的垂直關係上，曾有過不同族群分工模式，亦即生產、製造集中在客家地區，而銷售市場中心則集中在大稻程的福佬籍的茶商。位於客家地區的同族群的製茶業者，包括茶廠與茶農，在不同時期有不同程度與範圍的族群資源與族群網絡被拿來使用。雖從現今來看茶廠間並未有很明顯的族群因素作用其中。族群性變得重要是為了與台北茶商有區隔，因此使同族群身分與社會位置結合，亦即他們皆為「做茶」者的認同，在種種條件許可下，得以團結在一起的而發揮力量的組織。
另外，透過北部茶產業案例中，本研究重新檢視客家族群經濟中「保守」特質，並不是一個予生俱來的特質，從在台茶歷史發展來看，這群客籍業者而是在有限資源與環境所展現出來的經濟行為特質，其經營保守性格也是反應其在社會階級的邊陲位置。

關鍵字

族群性 ； 保守性 ； 邊陲位置 ； 製茶業者 ； 台灣區製茶工業同業公會 ； 客家茶產業

並列摘要

Marketing or distribution channel of tea market in the north Taiwan has been controlled by foreign companies and some tea dealers, and it’s the form of Taiwan tea industrial structure. Market transformation or emergence of new production of tea makes hakka tea maker have a new opportunity to change their producer. Aspecially in situation of some resources and limit condition, they can found tea producer organization, which is distinct from Taipei organization of tea dealers.
Under historical process of evolution for northern Taiwanese tea, there used to be division of labor models among different ethnic clans for vertical relationship of the entire production, manufacturing, and sale, and that is production and manufacturing will be concentrated at Hakka area. As for center of sale market, it has mainly concentrated among Fukienese tea merchants at Dadaocheng. As for tea manufacturer of diverse ethnic groups at Hakka area, they include tea manufacturing factory and tea farmer, and diverse extent and scope of ethnic resources and network will be exploited for utility at different periods of times. Though one cannot observe rather prominent ethnic factors among tea manufacturing factories today, the illustration of ethnic factor is taken to conduct demarcation from tea merchants in Taipei. Therefore, similar ethnic identity and social status are combined as to consider them as “tea makers,” under permissible terms they can be united together to demonstrate the power of organization.
In addition, this article would also muse of the case for northern tea industry to once again review the “conservative” feature of economy among ethnic Hakka group, though which is not an inborn quality. However, such economic behavior and characteristic developed these Hakka tea makers under limited resources and environment as viewed from the process of tea history in Taiwan should have well reflected their conservative personality of management as well as their remote status within social hierarchy.

並列關鍵字

remote position ； conservativeness ； ethnicity ； Hakka tea industry ； Taiwan Tea Manufacturers Association ； tea makers

參考文獻

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