受刑人機構性處遇態度、機構性依賴對復歸預測影響之研究

黃景逸(Huang, Ching Yi)

指導教授 ： 戴伸峰

國立中正大學/教育學院/犯罪防治學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

摘要
近年我國人權意識高漲，受刑人之生活環境及給養狀況，逐漸受到大眾重視且獲得改善及宣揚；但也間接產生部分犯罪者或更生人，因承受不了經濟環境壓力而故意犯罪，只為入監執行求得安飽之事件發生。機構性處遇(監獄)促使受刑人復歸社會之功能逐漸受人質疑。因此，本研究以在監受刑人做為研究對象，探討其機構性處遇態度、機構性依賴對於其日後復歸預測之影響。
研究採量化分析法，透過問卷調查方式，在控制機關特性、區域特性下，針對台灣地區北、中、南、東共四區，各挑選一所矯正機關進行調查，最後挑選法務部矯正署臺北監獄、法務部矯正署臺中監獄、法務部矯正署高雄監獄、法務部矯正署宜蘭監獄共4個機關前往施測。研究共發出774份正式施測問卷，扣除無效問卷後共獲得579份有效問卷，回收率達74.8%。
研究結果顯示，受刑人不同控制變項之差異，會影響其對於機構性處遇之態度、機構性依賴程度及復歸預測之想法。此外，受試者之機構性處遇態度中各因子得分高低，與其機構性依賴得分有顯著相關；而在機構性依賴得分越高者，則其復歸預測量表中各正向因子得分皆越低。由此顯示受刑人機構性處遇態度會影響其機構性依賴之程度；而機構性依賴程度高低又對其日後復歸預測有顯著影響。另研究結果亦發現，高齡受刑人之機構依賴程度較其他受刑人高；而毒品犯者對於日後復歸之信心則顯低於其他犯罪類型之受刑人。
研究結論則以適應理論及壓力因應方式提出本研究之結論：本研究認為作為刑事司法體系最後一道防線的機構性處遇，其功能仍無法有效做到針對受刑人特性進行個別化矯正評估；因之，對部分受刑人而言，更有可能因為渠等出現表演性之正面適應傾向而造成受刑人對監所環境產生不正當的依附聯結，導致其社會復歸出現信心動搖的不利情境。本研究對於實務之相關建議為：1、預防方面：強化前門轉向策略，減少社會弱勢或社會適應能力不佳者進入矯正機構受到不良影響。2、治療方面：強化受刑人更生處遇。機構內應強化更生輔導，給予對復歸存有疑慮之受刑人鼓勵，引導其將依附於機構之心態轉向自由社會。機構外則建議可設置中間性處遇使受刑人甫出獄時不致感到無所適從，並能夠真正的重新開始其未來之人生。

關鍵字

機構性依賴 ； 機構性處遇 ； 受刑人 ； 復歸

並列摘要

Abstract
Owing to the rising awareness of human rights in recent years, the prisoners’ living environment and provision of foods has attached great importance and then been improved and publicized; however, it also brings some negative impacts indirectly, for instance, part of criminals or termers commit a crime intentionally to seek for a secure and satiate life in prison since they can’t bear the economic pressure. Accordingly, the social functions of institutional treatment (prisons) of helping criminals reform themselves and return to the society have been doubted. Therefore, the study takes the prisoners as the research subjects to explore the effects of their institutional treatment attitudes and institutional dependency on prediction of their reintegration.
The study adopts quantitative analysis method. Through the questionnaire survey, it selects a correctional institute from the north, middle, south and east areas of Taiwan under controlling of institutional and regional features, which finally selects four units for , i.e., Taipei Prison, Agency of Corrections, Ministry of Justice ; Taichung Prison, Agency of Corrections, Ministry of Justice ; Kaohsiung Prison, Agency of Corrections, Ministry of Justice and Yilan Prison, Agency of Corrections, Ministry of Justice. 774 pieces of questionnaires have been distributed totally, and 579 valid pieces are returned after excluding the invalid questionnaires, with a recovery rate of 74.8%.
The results show that the different backgrounds of prisoners will affect their attitudes to the institutional treatment, degree of institutional dependency and prediction of reintegration. In addition, the different scores in attitudes to the institutional treatment are significantly related to the scores in institutional dependency; while the person with a higher score in institutional dependency may result in a lower score in the positive factors of prediction of reintegration. It’s thus indicated that the prisoners’ attitude to the institutional treatment may affect the degree of institutional dependency which then exerts remarkable effect on the prediction of reintegration. Besides, it also reveals that the elderly prisoners perform a higher degree in institutional dependency than others, and the drug criminals’ confidence in reintegration is lower than other criminals.
The study proposes the conclusion in the form of adaptation theory and pressure coping methods. The study believed that the institutional treatment as the final defensive line of Criminal Justice System still fails to provide individual correctional evaluation based on the prisoners’ characteristics; thus for part of prisoners, it’s more likely to produce inappropriate dependences on the prison environment due to superficial positive adaptation tendency, which might result in unfavorable situations of losing confidence in reintegration. The study put forward some practical suggestions listed as below: 1) in terms of prevention, it shall focus on the strategy of front-end to reduce the negative effects accepted by the social vulnerable groups or people with bad social adaptation ability in the correctional institutions; 2) in terms of treatment, it shall highlight the reforming treatment of prisoners. The institution shall strengthen the regenerating tutor, encourage the prisoners with doubts in returning to society and transform their mental state of depending on institutions into the liberal society. It’s also recommended outside the institutions that the transition treatment should be established to make the prisoners feel not adapted to the society when they are discharged from prisons and start a new life fairly.

並列關鍵字

reintegration ； institutional dependency ； institutional treatment ； prisoner

參考文獻

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