供應鏈開放性創新能力：知識分享為中介角色與公平理論、資源依賴理論及科技促進為驅動力

Open innovation capabilities in the supply chain with the mediator of knowledge sharing: A view of justice, resource dependence, and technology facilitation

邱美倫(Mai-Lun Chiu)

指導教授 ： 吳英隆

國立中正大學/管理學院/資訊管理學系/博士(2016年)

摘要

供應鏈開放式創新對於維持公司競爭力日益重要，其強調企業利用內、外部知識資源以達互補的效益。至今，供應鏈夥伴愈來愈需要透過合作並利用雙方的知識資源發展新的產品。具有高度開放式創新能力的公司，需要讓供應鏈夥伴提供新的想法與思維來執行共同的流程，其往往需要利用知識共享的機制。在供應鏈中跨組織關係 (Inter-organizational relationship)是影響知識分享的關鍵因素。許多研究指出，組織間的知識分享會因為公平與資源依賴兩個面向而相互抵消其知識分享的行為，而資訊科技在跨組織系統（Inter-organizational systems）中，是促進知識共享行為的另一關鍵因素。因此，本研究試圖探索在供應鏈中，其公平、資源依賴與資訊科技的角色對於知識共享的影響，以及知識分享作為中介者對於開放性創新能力的影響。本研究採用實證分析進行研究。共發送750份問卷，回收164份問卷，有效問卷161份，問卷回收率為21.46%。研究結果發現，知識分享對於開放性創新有顯著影響；知覺公平(包括分配公平、程序公平、互動公平)對於知識共享有顯著影響；相互依賴對於知識共享有顯著影響，但權力不平衡則沒有顯著影響；科技的利用對促進知識共享有顯著影響。研究結果顯示三個驅動力對知識分享的影響，而互動公平與科技促進的影響最為顯著。

關鍵字

公平理論 ； 跨組織關係 ； 供應鏈管理 ； 知識分享 ； 開放式創新 ； 資源依賴理論

並列摘要

Open innovation has increasingly become important for maintaining competitiveness. It emphasizes an interactive process with complementary firms to link external knowledge resources. There is a growing need to utilize the disparate knowledge resources for supply chain partners to achieve the goal of collaborative innovation for developing new products. To have higher open innovation, a firm often demands their partners to provide new thoughts to perform common processes, which usually requires the mechanism of knowledge sharing. Inter-organizational relationships (IOR) are a critical determinant for knowledge sharing to occur in the supply chain. Many studies have argued two counteracting aspects of IOR to stimulate knowledge sharing, justice and resource dependence theory. Further, the enabling role of IT importantly makes knowledge sharing behaviors feasible while inter-organizational systems (IOS) has been critical to contributing to collaborative behaviors. Accordingly, this study attempts to explore open innovation capability in the supply chain in terms of knowledge sharing as a mediator and the two IOS issue and technology role as the drivers. Empirical analysis was conducted. 750 questionnaires were successfully sent out for the potential respondents. A total of 164 responses were received. After invalid responses were deleted, this resulted in a sample size of 161 for a response rate of 21.46%. The research results show knowledge sharing is a mediator role to affects open innovation capabilities, perceived justice (all of distributive justice, procedural and interactional justice) positively affects knowledge sharing are significance; mutual dependence positively affects knowledge sharing is significance, but power imbalance is insignificance, and technology facilitation positive affects knowledge sharing is significance. The findings also show the differentiated effects between the three antecedent issues on knowledge sharing effort. Interactional justice and the enabling role of IT are the most important in their effect.

並列關鍵字

Resource dependence theory (RDT) ； Inter-organizational relationships (IOR) ； Justice theory ； Knowledge sharing ； Open innovation

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