雙流森林遊樂區地表螞蟻活動量對台灣穿山甲（Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla）掘洞數量之影響

台灣穿山甲（Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla）為中華穿山甲的亞種，為穴居型夜行性動物，其食性專一，以螞蟻和白蟻為主食，但對於蟻種則較無偏好。為瞭解穿山甲掘洞的數量是否受地表螞蟻活動量影響。本研究在雙流森林遊樂區的帽子山步道與壽卡林道，各選取10個樣點，調查穿山甲舊有洞穴數量並記錄月新增洞穴，以及採集地表螞蟻。結果共獲得856隻螞蟻個體，分屬8亞科，22屬，36種，其中有11種僅採集到1隻個體。研究期間一共尋獲284個新增的穿山甲洞穴，且濕季（5-10月)新增的數量略高於乾季（11-4月)，有別於前人發現冬、春（乾季）兩季洞穴數量較多的現象。推測是因雙流地區的月均溫差異不大，對於地表螞蟻的數量影響較小；但乾、濕季分明，當雨量過大時會讓螞蟻數量短暫減少，穿山甲為了搜尋螞蟻而掘洞，才使濕季的洞穴數量提高。儘管本研究穿山甲每月新增洞穴數量與地表螞蟻數量沒有顯著相關性，但地表螞蟻數量較多的樣線會發現較多的穿山甲洞穴，且穿山甲對覓食地點具有高度忠誠度，顯示食物資源的多寡可能是影響穿山甲活動範圍分布的主要原因。

關鍵字

穿山甲；洞穴；螞蟻；掉落式陷阱

並列摘要

Taiwan pangolin (Mains pentadactyla pentadactyla) is a subspecies of Chinese pangolin, which is a burrowing nocturnal animal. It has a specific diet and mainly feeds on ants and termite, but it has not preference for ant species or termite species. In previous studies, it was observed that the new seasons of pangolin caves are mainly distributed in winter and spring (dry season). The number of ants species found in feces is significantly lower in summer compared to other seasons. To know whether the number of pangolin digging burrows is affected by the amount of surface ant activity, this study investigated the number of old caves in pangolins and recorded the number of new caves in the month and the activity of ants on the ground at the Mt. Maozi Trail and Shouka in the Shuangliu Nation Forest Recreation Area. During 17-month study period (Oct., 2018- Feb., 2020), A total of 36 species with 856 individuals in 22 genera belonging to 8 subfamilies were collected and identified. There were 284 burrows found during the study period. Formosa pangolins have dug burrows more in wet season (May-Oct.) than in dry season(Nov.-Apr.). It is speculated that the monthly average temperature difference in Shuangliu area is not obvious, but the dry and wet seasons are distinct, so compared with the temperature, the rainfall has a greater impact on the number of surface ants. When the rain is too large, it will temporarily reduce the number of ants and the pangolin dig more burrows. There is no significant correlation between the number of burrows and ants in the Shuangliu area, but the sample line with more surface ants will find more burrows. The pangolin also has a high degree of loyalty to foraging sites, indicating that the amount of food resources may be the main reason for affecting the distribution of pangolin activities.