添加Micro-Aid飼料級濃縮物和Micro-Aid液劑對白蝦生長性能和抗溶藻弧菌的影響

Effects of supplementing Micro-Aid Feed Grade Concentrate and Micro-Aid Liquid 10 on the Growth Performance and Resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

黃國欽(Kuo-Chin Huang)

指導教授 ： 李嘉偉

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202100411

摘要

本研究的目的是評估在飼料中添加美國Distributors Processing, Inc. (DPI GLOBAL)的Micro-Aid飼料級濃縮物(MAFGC)以及Micro-Aid液劑(MAL-10) 對白蝦(Litopenaeus vannamei)的生長性能、腸道微生物菌叢和對溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)的抗病性的影響。該研究包括兩個實驗，在飼料中補充不同添加量的MAGFC, 0公克/公斤飼料(對照組), 0.5公克/公斤飼料(F0.05%)和1公克/公斤飼料(F0.1%)，持續10周，餵料量為體重的3%；另外是在飼養水中添加不同濃度的MAL-10, 0毫升/噸 (對照組)、 0.25毫升/噸(W0.25)、 0.5毫升/噸(W0.5)、 1毫升/噸(W1)和5毫升/噸(W5)，每周一次，持續10周。每個處理組都是以三重複進行(每個重複n=50)。在MAGFC的試驗中，白蝦的生長性能和對溶藻弧菌的抗病能力在有添加或沒有添加MAGFC的情況下無顯著差異。然而，添加較高的MAGCF(F0.1%)的白蝦腸道中的類弧菌和總生菌數明顯低於對照組(P<0.05)。肝胰腺的組織學分析結果顯示，與對照組及F0.1%相比，F0.05%在白蝦肝胰腺小管中的B細胞數量有所增加。腸道組織切片的定性分析顯示，所有處理組都有健康的腸道上皮細胞。
在MAL-10的試驗中，隨著MAL-10的濃度增加，白蝦的生長性能和對溶藻弧菌的抗病能力以劑量依存方式得到顯著的改善(P<0.05)。然而，各處理組的總生菌數和類弧菌數沒有顯著差異(P>0.05)。肝胰腺及腸道的組織學分析顯示，在水中添加了最高濃度MAL-10(W5)飼養的白蝦，肝胰腺中B細胞跟R細胞的數量有所增加。 此外,添加較高濃度的MAL-10(W1和W5) 顯著提高對於溶藻弧菌的抗病能力。從對照組、F0.1%(F，MAFGC試驗中最好的)和W5(W，MAL-10試驗中最好的)的蝦子中採樣進行16S總體基因體定序分析。與對照組比較，W組和F組的蝦子的腸道中弧菌和發光菌的豐度較低(圖12)，表示應用這些產品，無論是MAFGC還是MAL-10，都可以抑制潛在的病原菌例如弧菌和發光菌的生長，提高蝦子的抗病能力。變形菌門的相對分布在對照組中最高(80.4%)，其次是W(77.4%)，F(74.8%)的比例最小。此外，弧菌在蝦子腸道中是最主要的微生物，與F和W比較，對照組的比例最高。結論是，MAFGC和MAL-10做為一種天然的替代品，可以減少消除病原菌所需使用抗生素的用量，也是提高白蝦生長性能的一種可行方法。

關鍵字

抗病能力 ； 生長性能 ； Micro-Aid ； 白蝦 ； 溶藻弧菌

並列摘要

Objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Micro-Aid Feed Grade Concentrate (MAFGC) and Micro-Aid Liquid 10 (MAL10), both from Distributors Processing, Inc. (DPI GLOBAL), USA, on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota community and disease resistance of white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) to Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus). The study consisted of two trials, including dietary supplementation of MAGFC at different levels, 0 (the control), 0.5 g/kg feed (F0.05%), and 1 g/kg feed (F0.1%) for 10 weeks at 3% body weight and addition of MAL10 into the rearing water at different concentrations, 0 (the control), 0.25 ml (W0.25), 0.5 ml (W0.5), 1 ml (W1), and 5 ml (W5) MAL10/tonne water) once per week for 10 weeks. Each treatment was performed in triplicates (n = 50 for, each replicate). In the trial of MAGFC, the growth performances and disease resistance against V. alginolyticus of shrimps with or without dietary supplementation of MAGFC were not significantly different. However, the Vibrio-like and total bacterial count in shrimps fed with higher MAFGC (F0.1%) were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the shrimps fed with the control diet. Hepatopancreas histological results showed that the addition of the F0.05% MAFGC increased B cells in the hepatopancreas tubules in the shrimp, compared to the basal diet and the F0.1% MAFGC. The qualitative analysis of the intestinal histological sections displayed healthy intestinal epithelium in all treatments.
In the trial of MAL-10, Growth performances and disease resistance against V. alginolyticus of shrimps were significantly (p < 0.05) improved in a dose-dependent manner as the concentration of MAL-10 increased. Nevertheless, the total viable counts and Vibrio-like counts were not significantly (p > 0.05) different among treatment groups. Histological analysis of the hepatopancreas and intestines indicated that proliferation of R cells and B cells was increased in shrimps raised in water supplemented with the highest MAL-10 (W5). In addition, adding MAL-10 at higher concentrations (W1 and W5) significantly increased the resistance of shrimps against V. alginolyticus. For the 16S metagenomics sequencing, shrimps from the control, F0.1% (F, the best from MAFGC trial) and W5 (W, the best from MAL-10 trial) were sampled and analyzed. Shrimps in the W and F groups had lower abundances of Vibrio and Photobacterium in the intestines compared to that of shrimps in the control (Fig. 12), indicating that application of these product, either MAFGC or MAL10, can inhibit the growth of potential pathogens, such as Vibrio and Photobacterium and increase the disease resistance of shrimps. The relative distribution of phylum Proteobacteria was highest in the control (80.4%), followed by W (77.4%), and the smallest proportion in F (74.8%). In addition, the proportion of Vibrio was the most dominant member in the shrimp intestine and was the highest in the control group when compared to F and W. In conclusion, using of MAFGC and MAL-10 can be used as natural alternatives to decrease the quantity of antibiotics which are needed to eliminate pathogens and a feasible approach to improve growth performance of the white shrimps.

並列關鍵字

Disease resistance ； growth performance ； Micro-Aid ； Litopenaeus vannamei ； Vibrio alginolyticus

參考文獻

Abdel-Tawwab, M.; Mounes, H.A.; Shady, S.H.; Ahmed, K.M. Effects of yucca, Yucca schidigera, extract and/or yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as water additives on growth, biochemical, and antioxidants/oxidant biomarkers of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture 2021, 533, 736122.

Adegbeye, M.J.; Elghandour, M.M.; Monroy, J.C.; Abegunde, T.O.; Salem, A.Z.M.; Barbabosa-Pliego, A.; Faniyi, T.O. Potential influence of Yucca extract as feed additive on greenhouse gases emission for a cleaner livestock and aquaculture farming—A review. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 239, 118074.

Awad, E., and A. Awaad. 2017. Role of Medicinal Plants on Growth Performance and Immune Status in Fish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 67: 40-54.

Bureau, D.P., A.M. Harris and C.Y. Cho. 1998. The Effects of Purified Alcohol Extracts from Soy Products on Feed Intake and Growth of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 161(1-4) 27–43.

Campa-Córdova, A.I, N.Y. Hernández-Saaverdra, R. De Philippis, and F. Ascencio. 2002. Generation of Superoxide Anion and SOD Activity in Haemocytes and Muscle of American White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as a Response to β-Glucan and Sulphated Polysaccharide. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 12(4) 353-366.