多溴二苯醚及溴化戴奧辛在中醫診所及安養中心室內灰塵之濃度並評估其健康風險

Health risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans on indoor dust from Chinese medical clinics and nursing homes

邱奕智(Chiu Yi-Chih)

指導教授 ： 趙浩然

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202000320

摘要

過去數十年間，為了滿足消防安全上的需求，因為多溴二苯醚(Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)可阻止燃燒之特性，將其大量添加至各式易燃材料中。但隨著專家學者長時間的研究，發現其對於健康之損害，在此同時，也發現其可作為多溴聯苯戴奧辛/呋喃(Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans, PBDD/Fs)的前驅物。本研究共收集了安養中心室內灰塵、空調濾網以及中醫診所室內灰塵樣品，共43件次。安養中心室內灰塵之PBDEs濃度為2320 ± 4130 ng/g，PBDD/Fs之濃度為6.03 ± 6.67 ng/g(毒性：0.0390 ng-WHO2005TEQ/g)，安養中心空調濾網之PBDEs濃度為1660 ± 2300 ng/g，PBDD/Fs之濃度為6.25 ± 5.26 ng/g(0.0534 ng-WHO2005TEQ/g)，中醫診所室內灰塵之PBDEs濃度為4790 ± 16500，PBDD/Fs之濃度為8.02 ± 22.0(0.0378 ng-WHO2005TEQ/g)。可以觀察到三種樣品的PBDEs、PBDD/Fs以及PBDD/Fs-TEQ的組成結構皆相似。在三種樣品中，可以發現PBDD/Fs與PBDEs之濃度皆呈現顯著正相關(r = 0.608**, p-value = 0.01；r = 0.786*, p-value = 0.021；r = 0.523*, p-value = 0.026)，也與Hanari et al. (2006)及Gou et al. (2016)等其他相關研究相同，支持了PBDEs與PBDD/Fs在室內環境中具有相同來源的說法。本研究也評估了灰塵中的PBDEs和PBDD/Fs對於安養中心和中醫診所內的從業人員和院民的風險(每日攝入量、致癌和非致癌風險)，而計算出來的結果未超過相關限值。

關鍵字

多溴二苯醚 ； 溴化戴奧辛 ； 室內灰塵 ； 安養中心 ； 中醫診所 ； 風險評估

並列摘要

Over the past few decades, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been added to various flammable materials in large amounts due to their flame-retardant properties. However, the literature reported the awareness of health arise especially at longer exposure because it acts as a precursor of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs). In this study, a total of 43 samples were collected from indoor dust and air conditioning filters at nursing homes and indoor dust at Chinese medicine clinics. The result found the concentration of PBDEs from indoor dust and air-conditioning filters at nursing homes and indoor dust at the Chinese medicine clinics is 2320 ± 4130 ng/g, 1660 ± 2300 ng/g and 4790 ± 16500 ng/g, respectively. While the concentration of PBDD/Fs varied from 6.03 ± 6.67 ng/g (toxicity: 0.0390 ng-WHO2005TEQ/g), 6.25 ± 5.26 ng/g (toxicity: 0.0534 ng-WHO2005TEQ/g) and 8.02 ± 22.0 ng/g (toxicity: 0.0378 ng-WHO2005TEQ/g), respectively. It can be concluded the concentration of PBDEs, PBDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs-TEQ are similar which show a significant positive correlation (r = 0.608**, p-value = 0.01; r = 0.786*, p-value = 0.021; r = 0.523*, p-value = 0.026) in the same range as reported in previous studies and same source of indoor environments. This study assessed the risk of PBDEs and PBDD/Fs exposure for residents and practitioners in nursing homes and Chinese medicine clinics (daily intake, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks), but the calculated results did not exceed related limits.

並列關鍵字

PBDEs ； PBDD/Fs ； Indoor dust ； nursing homes ； Chinese medical clinics ； Risk assessment

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