屏東縣客家庄觀賞水族產業發展與未來展望

臺灣在全球觀賞魚貿易市場佔有重要地位，屏東縣觀賞魚繁養殖戶佔有全臺七成的比例，且集中在客家重點發展區的長治、內埔及竹田三鄉，民國108年（2019）的整體產值達40億元，吸引年輕人返鄉，以打造屏東縣成為觀賞魚大縣。本研究聚焦於屏東縣中部客庄新興發展的觀賞水族產業。研究目的可分為三大軸向：觀賞水族產業現況分析與探討、以觀賞水族產業優勢利基接軌觀光農業、未來發展策略。研究方法採取文獻分析法，整理出觀賞水族產業在臺灣發展之脈絡，特別是屏東客庄對水族養殖產業的投入，探究產業經營現況和轉型休閒農漁業面臨之問題；以半結構訪談法，訪問在地相關業者、專家學者、公部門以及產學協會等，廣納各方看法與意見；再以實地參與觀察法，置身於與研究主題相關之研討會，與每場觀賞水族產業博覽會，透過親身觀察與體驗，以充分獲得第一手資料。本研究藉以蓬勃發展的屏東縣觀賞水族養殖區為研究對象，在傳統產業積極轉型為新興休閒農漁產業之際，透過調查研究所得之資料，彙整後提出方法與建議，以助推動屏東客庄觀賞水族休閒農漁業之發展。本研究發現歸納如下：一、屏東縣客家庄有非常成功的觀賞水族產業，如將米蝦推向國際的拉瑪魚場，擁有螢光魚最高技術的芝林；還有觀賞蝦類的天空魚，專研水晶蝦，屢獲全球冠軍，拉瑪國際的觀賞蝦是全球貿易最高。秉持技術傳承與創新研究，在資源不足與條件限制下，觀賞水族活體外銷成績亮眼，帶動周邊經濟產值數十億；面對人力老化與魚場養登等問題無法解決下，已朝向六級產業邁進。二、水族產業在屏東發展之際，讓原有客庄自然地景已悄悄地改變為一整片不同建築風貌的水池風光，與原來的文化地景並融，形塑出六堆客庄獨具的風景，發展觀光農業增加利基。三、目前在政府協力之下，屏東縣中部客家庄已逐步推動觀賞水族產業的休閒旅遊，預計在民宿開發、亞太水族營運中心結合客家文化生活及地方產業，帶動跨產業結合社區經營，讓客庄觀賞水族養殖帶動在地經濟，帶遊客體驗客家農村生活，了解觀賞水族產業型態，促進休閒觀光人潮與觀賞水族產業經濟效益。

關鍵字

六堆客家；觀賞魚；觀賞水族產業；休閒農漁業；文化觀光

並列摘要

Taiwan occupies an important position in the global ornamental fish trade market. Ornamental fish breeding farmers in Pingtung County accounted for 70% of Taiwan, and they were concentrated in three towns, Changzhi, Neipu and Jhutian, which are the key development areas of Hakka communities. The output value of 2019 reached 4 billion NTD which attracted young people to return to their hometowns to make Pingtung County a major county of ornamental fish industry. This research focuses on the newly developed ornamental aquarium industry in Hakka village in central Pingtung County. The research purpose can be divided into three major aspects: analysis and discussion of the current situation of the ornamental aquarium industry, integration of the ornamental aquarium industry with agricultural tourism based on its advantages, and future development strategies. The research adopts the document analysis method to analyze the development of the ornamental aquarium industry in Taiwan, especially the investment of Hakka Village in Pingtung to the aquaculture industry, to explore the current situation of industry operation and the issues caused by the transformation of recreational agriculture. This study uses semi-structured interview method to interview relevant local industry operator, experts and scholars, public departments, and academia-industry associations, etc., to gather opinions from all parties. Then uses field observation method to personally attend seminars related to the research, and each ornamental fish expo to fully acquire first-hand information through personal observation and experience. This study targets the flourishing ornamental aquaculture area in Pingtung County as the research object. When the traditional industry is actively transforming into the recreational agriculture and aquaculture industry, this study can propose suggestions and recommendations through analyzing the data collected from the research in order to promote the development of the introduction of recreational agriculture and ornamental aquaculture into Hakka cultural tourism. The findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1. There are very successful ornamental aquarium industries in Hakka village in Pingtung, such as Larmax which has promoted the Caridina shrimp to the world and Jy Lin Trading which has the top technology of fluorescent fish. In the field of ornamental shrimp, Sky Fish Aqua which specializes in crystal shrimp has won world championship several times and Larmax International maintain the highest position in global trade market. Hakka village in Pingtung County, adhering to technology inheritance and innovative investigation, under the restrictions of lack of resources and tough condition, the export sales of living ornamental fishes have achieved outstanding results, bringing billions of output value to related areas. Facing the difficulties of aging manpower and fish farm registration issue which cannot be solved, it still moves towards the goal of becoming a sixth-grade industry. 2. As aquarium industry develops in Pingtung, the original natural landscape of Hakka village has been quietly changed into a whole pool with different architectural styles and has blended with the original cultural landscape, forming a unique scenery of Liudui Hakka village and developing a solid basis of agricultural tourism. 3. At present, with the cooperation of the government, Hakka Village in central Pingtung County has gradually promoted leisure tourism of ornamental aquarium industry. It is expected that after the development of the B&Bs, the Asia Pacific Aquarium Center will combine Hakka cultural life and local industries to drive cross-industry and local community operations which allows Hakka ornamental aquaculture to improve the local economy, and help tourists experience Hakka rural life and understand the characteristics of ornamental aquarium industry and raise the number of tourists and economic benefits of the ornamental aquarium industry.