- 學位論文
葡萄糖對南美白對蝦成長及健康的影響
Effects of glucose on the growth performance and health status of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
摘要
南美白對蝦 (Litopenaeus vannamei)為台灣重要的養殖蝦類，高密度的養殖模式使得白蝦疾病的問題日益嚴重，如黃頭病毒 (Yellow-head virus)、白點病毒 (White spot syndrome virus, WSSV)、桃拉病毒 (Taura syndrome virus)及弧菌 (Vibrio spp.)等。相關研究指出葡萄糖作為免疫細胞重要的能量來源，免疫反應的進行使葡萄糖大量的被消耗，葡萄糖的缺乏將嚴重的影響免疫細胞的功能及存活，進而使宿主因病原菌的感染而死亡。因此，本實驗旨在探討葡萄糖對白蝦免疫反應之影響。研究結果表明，當白蝦注射10 µg/g shrimp之葡萄糖時，其呼吸爆、超氧化物歧化酶活性、吞噬活性及溶菌酶活性有最高的表現。此外，在感染實驗中，注射葡萄糖10 µg/g shrimp組有最低的死亡率 (43.33%)。當白蝦血球細胞以不同葡萄糖濃度培養基培養時，發現在酚氧化酶活性、呼吸爆、超氧化物歧化酶活性、吞噬活性及溶菌酶活性皆在含葡萄糖之培養基的組別顯著的提升。最後分別於每公斤飼料中添加0 g (Control)、5 g (G5)、10 g (G10)及20 g (G20)的葡萄糖並進行成長實驗。結果表明G10組有最佳的特定生長率、飼料效率及增重率，且顯著高於控制組及G20組。在免疫指標上，G10組在酚氧化酶活性、呼吸爆、超氧化物歧化酶活性、吞噬活性及溶菌酶活性皆有最高的表現，並顯著高於控制組及G20組。此外，在感染實驗中，G10組有最低的死亡率，且顯著低於控制組及G20組。以上結果說明，於飼料中添加適當的葡萄糖能夠有效的促進白蝦的成長，並提升免疫活性及抗病能力。
並列摘要
White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the most important aquatic crustacean species cultivated in Taiwan. High-density farming practices have led to increased problems such as the frequent occurrence of diseases including Yellow-head virus, White Spot Syndrome virus, Taura syndrome virus, and Vibrio. Several studies reported glucose as an essential energy source for immune cells to respond to infections. However, insufficient uptake of glucose has detrimental effects on the function and survival of immune cells and thus results in the host's death. In white shrimp, most glucose-related research has focused on improving growth performance rather than immune response. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of glucose on the immune response of white shrimp. The results showed that the activity of respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, phagocytosis activity, and lysozyme were the highest in shrimps injected with glucose 10 µg/g than the other treatments. In the infection trial, injecting 10 µg/g of glucose into shrimp significantly reduced the mortality rate (43.33%) compared to the control group (83.33%). Haemocytes cultured in different glucose concentration media revealed a significant increase in phenoloxidase, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, phagocytosis, and lysozyme activities. Finally, the growth performance was conducted with glucose supplemented diets 5 g (G5), 10 g (G10), and 20 g (G20) that were compared to the 0 g (control). The results indicated that growth performance was significantly higher in G10 with improved feed efficiency and weight gain than in the control and G20 groups. Immune parameters including, phenoloxidase, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, phagocytosis activity, and lysozyme activities were significantly higher than the control group and the G20 group. In addition, the G10 group had the best survival rate in the infection trial and was significantly lower than the control and G20 group. Overall this study demonstrates that an appropriate amount of glucose can effectively promote growth and enhance immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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