社會企業在社區發展永續經營策略與發展型態之研究—以屏東縣內埔鄉東片社區寶石村為例

屏東縣內埔鄉東片村長，發現村民在各項農作領域中各自有特殊之專業，也有很多高經濟價值農產品，於是利用農村再生計畫集結成一個示範農場，邀請各領域專家投入循環經濟，故東片寶石村有限公司為典型的社區型社會企業，除在社區發展過程中扮演關鍵性推力與助力的角色，並與政府保持緊密的合作關係。本研究採個案研究法及質性訪談並重的方式，希望更深入瞭解社會企業在社區發展永續經營的關鍵因素。而在社區發展議題下，社會企業其永續經營模式的策略與發展型態的關聯性。本研究結論說明如下：一、本研究建立的社會企業類別，歸納有：社區經濟型、社會合作社、服務提供與產品銷售型；獲利模式是以B2C（企業對顧客）為主，但亦涵蓋B2B（企業對企業）、B2G（企業對政府）。二、社區型社會企業的永續經營策略具體做法，分別是：產業結盟共組公司、透過展售會、公部門推薦及網路媒體曝光進行促銷、結合通路商、導入組織完整、增加營業項目，且塑造出在地特色品牌。三、社區型社會企業其永續經營的關鍵成功因素。排序依序是：顧客關係、關鍵合作夥伴、價值主張、目標客層、通路、成本結構、收益流、關鍵資源、關鍵活動。

關鍵字

社會企業；社區發展型態；永續經營策略；關鍵成功因素；寶石村

並列摘要

The Chief of Village of Dongpian, Neipu Township, Pingtung County, realized that the villagers had their own specialties in various fields of farming and the village had many high-value agricultural products. Thus, he assembled a demonstration farm using the Rural Rejuvenation Plan and invited experts from various fields to participate in their circular economy. In this sense, Dongpian Gems Village Ltd. is a typical community-based social enterprise. In addition to playing a key role in the development of the community, it also maintains a close cooperative relationship with the government. This research adopts both a case study method and a qualitative interview method, hoping to have a deeper understanding of the key factors in the sustainable development of social enterprises in the community, as well as the relationship between the social enterprise's sustainable business model strategy and the development pattern under the community development perspective. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The types of social enterprises in this study are categorized as: community economy, social cooperatives, service provision, and product sales. Their profit models are mostly based on B2C (business to customer) model, but some also cover B2B (business to business) or B2G (business to Government) models. 2. The specific practices of the sustainable business strategy of community-based social enterprises are: the formation of companies through business alliances, the promotion of products through trade fairs, public sector recommendations and digital media exposure, the integration of distributors, the introduction of a complete organization, the increase of products, and the creation of brands with local characters. The key success factors in the sustainable operation of community-based social enterprises. They are listed in the order of their importance: customer relationship, key partners, value proposition, target audience, access, cost structure, revenue stream, key resources, and key activities.