工藝政策發展對臺灣工藝地方產業之影響

Influence of Craft Policy Development towards Local Craft Industry in Taiwan

蕭正鼎(Cheng-Ting Hsiao)

指導教授 ： 趙樹人

共同指導教授 ： 諸葛正(Cheng Chuko)

國立臺中科技大學/設計與語文學院/商業設計系碩士班/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6826/NUTC.2012.00066

摘要

工藝是因應日常生活的需求，從生活經驗中淬鍊創意，並揉合生活與美學，因此，有增加生活品味的裝飾欣賞物、也有具實用功能的器具，或是兩者兼具，是工藝、藝術與工業設計之間最大的不同，卻也是它獨特之處。
政府與「國立臺灣工藝研究發展中心」制定的工藝政策，主導、深刻牽動著臺灣工藝的興衰、改變工藝的整體結構。近年來倡導「工藝進入常民生活」的願景，另一方面卻不斷將「品牌」、「藝術」、「時尚」、「設計」等概念，加諸於工藝身上，使現今臺灣工藝體系已由「生活實用工藝」趨向「美術創作工藝」發展，令工藝非但無法進入常民生活，反使工藝躍進小眾藝術精品市場。如此態勢發展下，嚴重讓臺灣工藝體系失衡，更讓紮根於民間的常民工藝因此失傳，恐步上文化消亡一途。演變成上述的工藝環境，為最主要令筆者亟欲探究的動機。
沿著動機，進行文獻脈絡回顧與評析、並提出研究問題後，確立本研究即在「臺灣工藝政策」的脈絡主題下，將以「國立臺灣工藝研究發展中心」作為主要研究對象，驗證所列之問題。將以「歷史研究法」探究國立臺灣工藝研究發展中心的歷程，並透過「深入訪談」國立臺灣工藝研究所前所長，以及臺灣省手工業研究所前設計組組長。從而提出具體的研究目的：
1. 整理自1936年「鹿谷庄竹細工指導所、竹山庄竹細工指導所」成立，轉變至國立臺灣工藝研究發展中心的發展歷程；2. 國立臺灣工藝研究發展中心在政府工藝政策之中所扮演的角色與定位；3. 分析國立臺灣工藝研究發展中心的行銷任務之變遷與核心發展導向，試圖找出「生活實用工藝」與「地方社區工藝」在這過程中的興衰現象；4. 最後依政府工藝政策與臺灣工藝研究發展中心計畫所實施的變遷史中，解讀其對臺灣地方產業的影響特徵。
評析、陳述影響的情形後，進一步提出本研究的結果：
1. 臺灣工藝公部門組織的近代化：（1）工藝中心從地方走向中央的過程與意義；（2）工藝中心於政府之間的權衡關係；（3）任用專業背景首長，給予工藝中心更多發揮空間。
2. 臺灣工藝政策的思維變化：（1）從「經濟」產業走向「社區」產業、「文化」產業的過程與意義；（2）工藝中心於地方工藝產業之間的表裡關係；（3）精緻、藝術概念的操作下，工藝難以「生活化」。

關鍵字

工藝政策 ； 工藝史 ； 工藝組織

並列摘要

Craft is a means to extract creativity from living experience and combine this creativity with life and aesthetics according to the need of daily life. Therefore, craft includes decoration that enriches taste of life, or appliance that is practical, or both decorative and practical. This is the biggest difference between craft, art, and industrial design, and this is also the uniqueness of craft.
The craft policy established by government and National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute leads the rise and decline of craft in Taiwan and changes the entire structure of craft. In recent years, the vision, “introducing craft into the lives of common people”, has been proposed. On the other hand, concepts such as “brand”, “art”, “fashion”, and “design” are added to craft continuously. Nowadays, the craft system of Taiwan has gradually changed from “practical life craft” to “art creative craft”, causing craft cannot be introduced to the lives of common people but entered the market of fine arts products. Such development seriously caused imbalance to the craft system of Taiwan, it even led to the loss of common people craft that was rooted in the circles of common people; consequently, cultural disappearance might happen. The above-mentioned evolved craft environment was the main motive of this study.
Literature review and analysis were carried out according to the above-mentioned motive and then the problems that this study discussed were proposed. This study focused on the “craft policy of Taiwan” and National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute was the study subject, and the listed questions were then discussed. Historical research was used to discuss the development progress of National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute, and “in-depth interview” was carried out with the former director of National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute and former design director of Taiwan Provincial Handicraft Research Institute. Specific purpose of study was further proposed as follows:
The developmental progress of how Lu-Gu Training Institute of Bamboo Craft and Chun-San Training Institute of Bamboo Craft (established in 1936) had transformed to National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute was arranged; The role played by National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute in the craft policy was discussed; The change and core-development of the marketing mission of National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute were analyzed, and the rise and decline of “practical life craft” and “social local craft” in this process were attempted to find out; The craft policy carried out by the government and the change implemented by National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute were studied and their influence towards local industries in Taiwan was discussed.
The study result was further proposed after analyzing and describing the influence as follows:
The modernization of public craft departments and organizations in Taiwan: (1) The process and significance of how National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute has changed from local to national; (2) The weight relationship between National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute and government; (3) Expert with professional background was hired so as to offer more opportunities for the Institute to develop.
The change of thinking of craft policy in Taiwan: (1) The process and significance of moving from “economic” industry to “social” and “cultural” industries; (2) The relationship between the Institute and local craft industry; (3) The refined and artistic concept made it difficult for the craft to be “practical”.

並列關鍵字

Craft Policy ； Craft History ； Craft Organization

參考文獻

18.彭俊亨、吳政峰、王俊元（2010/6）。政策擴散下的創新治理：台灣工藝研究發展中心之經驗與啟發。國家與社會，8，頁99-156。

19.廖文碩（2011/5）。寓教於覽－戰後臺灣展覽活動與「臺灣省博覽會」（1945-1948）。臺大文史哲學報，74，頁181-222。

12.陳怡君（2009）。華山1914‧創意文化園區建置與發展研究（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。

22.譚莉貞（2006）。南投縣工藝文化產業發展之研究（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。

1.書籍