中高齡者之介面設計使用性研究

近年來智慧型裝置的發展突飛猛進，導致數位移民代難以適應的問題更加嚴重，而現今中高齡人口多是屬於數位移民代，使用智慧型裝置普遍面臨到的問題是因為現有介面設計或是認知的差異導致困惑、不會用，而排斥使用APP。有感於人口結構的改變，高齡化社會以及少子化的趨勢，家中長輩也常面臨不會操作數位裝置的問題，譬如電視機上盒、平板電腦、手機…等，經常需要年輕人的協助才能順利使用，但家中成員大都忙於工作，無法隨時待命的解決各種數位產品的問題，因此常在心中產生疑問，介面既然是人與機器溝通的橋樑，為何設計的如此不便於長輩？因此針對此年齡層的應用程式功能需求、APP使用性及設計要素偏好等研究，皆是未來面對超高齡化社會時設計師所要考量的問題。本研究期望透過介面設計的改善，降低中高齡者在使用智慧型手機APP時的抗拒感，了解如何從APP之介面設計研究得到一對數位移民代更友善的APP設計，提升其使用意願。本研究之目的包含：(1)了解中高齡同時也是數位移民代的使用者，操作智慧型手機時面臨到的介面設計相關問題。 (2)經由文獻探討彙整中高齡使用者的生理退化、介面設計原則、使用性測試方法。 (3)以手機APP進行使用性測試，研究中高齡操作時的困難點。 (4)如何改善介面設計對中高齡使用者具有較佳的使用體驗。研究首先進行使用者訪談，了解中高齡者在日常生活中對於使用健康管理APP之態度與方法，接著透過現有的健康管理APP使用性測試，以研究該族群在使用APP時所遇到的困難，進而透過實驗的內容得知可修改的設計方向。研究結果發現可改善的方向為：(1)對於階層架構較無概念，無法記住過於複雜的操作路徑，應簡化功能層級。(2)若按鈕或可操作的元件提示性不足時，容易被使用者忽略，在顏色對比上應增加辨識度。(3)對於數位產品的使用需要有良好的引導才能促進使用產品的意願。(4)在用字遣詞上須注意精準度，避免使用者對功能內容的誤解。

關鍵字

中高齡；介面設計；使用性；行動應用程式；數位移民代

並列摘要

In recent years, the rapid development of smart devices, resulting in digital immigrants difficult to adapt is more serious. Most of today's middle-aged and elderly population are digital immigrants. The common problem with using smart devices is that the current interface design or cognitive differences cause confusion. They faced with bad use experience and feel uncomfortable with using smart devices and APPs. Responding to the change of the population structure, aging society and low birth rate, middle-aged and elderly people face the problem of operating digital devices without constant assistance in solving their problems. If the interface is a bridge for communication between humans and machines, why is it so inconvenient for the elderly? Therefore, research on the functional requirements of APPs, usability, and design element preferences of this user group are issues that designers should consider when facing the ultra-high ageing society in the future. This research aims to reduce the resistance of middle-aged and elderly people when using smart devices and APPs through the improvement of the interface design. To understand how to make the app design more friendly to the digital immigrants and increase their willingness to use it. The objectives of this study include: (1) Understand the interface design issues that the elderly, who are also digital immigrants, face when using smart devices. (2) The physiological degradation of middle-aged and elderly users, interface design principles, and usability testing methods are discussed through the literature analysis. (3) Research on the difficulties of middle-aged and elderly user operation by conducting a usability test on a mobile app. (4) How to improve the interface design for a better user experience for middle-aged and elderly users. First, user interviews were conducted to understand the attitudes and practices of middle-aged and elderly people towards using health management apps in their daily lives. Next, the existing health management app usability tests were used to study the difficulties encountered by this population in using the APPs. Then, we will know the design direction that can be modified through the experiment. The study found: (1) They have a hard time understanding the function structure and cannot remember the complicated operation paths, so the function level should be simplified. (2) If the buttons or operable elements are not sufficiently suggestive, they will be easily overlooked by the user. The color contrast should be increased for better recognition. (3) The use of smart devices needs to be well guided in order to promote the willingness to use the product. (4) It is important to pay attention to the accuracy of the wording and phrasing to avoid any misunderstanding of the function.