以組織精簡角度談提升救災機制與運用之原則-以軍方直升機部隊為例

本研究的主要目的為：（一）探討平、戰時直升機單位隸屬及編組，面對不同災難及國軍基於使命及憲法賦予之責任，在既有法規規範下所處之角色及地位；（二）探討現有災害救援機制，如何有效運用、統合國防部及內政部所屬直升機進行組重整後，對災害防救及國土防衛之作為來提升整體效率（三）探討歷次災害發生後救難組織，如何有效運用來發揮整體組織效能？綜整出我國各直升機部隊除擔任戰備任務外，在災難發生後立即進行災害救援。本研究發現：（一）九二一大地震時陸航直升機投入災難搶救，在地形改變之下，運用GPS與地圖迅速判明所在位置，獲得之搜救經驗實為難得（二）莫拉克風災發生時軍方依據九二一大地震救援經驗，立即編組實施跨區救援任務，直升機部隊亦投入參與協助物資及人員運送，若在現有救災機制架構上能更簡化，亦能提升救災效率。（三）世界各國於災變後以直升機趕赴災區馳援為各國最常運用的器具之一（四）陸航部隊已於103年起換裝UH-60M直升機，國防部及內政部所屬單位災防用直升機構型已趨於一致，日後若能在組織編組上進行重整，定能提升戰備任務遂行並提高災害救援效率。美國陸軍在2001年版的「聯戰準則」當中提出新的概念，即「非戰爭行動」（operations other than war），說明陸軍必須具備包括災難救援在內的多樣性功能，才能因應新的戰略安全環境的需求。本研究者原為陸航飛行幹部，藉此學習機會提出個人的淺見，在此各項預算經費拮據狀況之下，藉適當之組織規劃、縮短指揮程序與時效，運用直升機特性實施災害防救提升使用效能，使直升機在軍事及災防功能上更具效率。

關鍵字

地震；組織精簡；災害防救；國家搜救中心；救災機制

並列摘要

The main purposes of this study are: (1) to discuss the affiliation and formation of helicopter units during the peacetime and wartime, and to face the different catastrophes and the role and status of the national army under the existing regulations and norms based on the mission and the responsibilities entrusted to it by the Constitution; (2) to discuss existing disaster relief mechanisms, how to effectively use and integrate the helicopters of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of the Interior to reorganize groups, and improve the overall efficiency of disaster prevention and rescue and homeland defense. (3) to discuss disaster organizations after disasters. How to effectively use the overall organizational effectiveness? In addition to arranging all helicopter units conduct combat readiness in Taiwan, each helicopter unit will also perform disaster relief immediately right after the disaster. This study finds that: (1) When 921 earthquake happened , the helicopter units was conduct disaster rescue , GPS and maps were quickly used to determine the location under the change of terrain, and the search and rescue experience gained was rare. (2) When the Typhoon Morakot disaster occurred , based on the rescue experience of the 921 earthquake, the military immediately organized and implemented cross-regional rescue missions. Helicopter units also participated in assisting in the delivery of supplies and personnel. If the existing disaster relief mechanism can be simplified, it can also increase the efficiency of disaster relief. (3) One of the most frequently used equipments and it can rushed to the disaster area after the catastrophe is helicopter for various countries of the world. (4) Army aviation units have been transforming to UH-60M helicopters since 2014, and used the same type helicopter by Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of the Interior for disaster prevention and control. If they can be rearranged in organizational formation in the future, they will be able to improve their combat readiness missions and disaster rescue effectiveness. The United States Army proposed a new concept in the 2001 edition of the "United States Joint Warfare Guidelines," namely "operations other than war", which shows that the Army must possess diversity functions, including disaster relief, before it can respond to new strategic security environments. In addition to engaging in combat and training tasks. I used to be an aviation flight officer, by this learning opportunities to present my personal views. Under the conditions of budgetary budget constraints, appropriate organizational planning, shortened command procedures and timeliness, and the use of helicopter characteristics to implement disaster prevention and rescue to enhance the efficiency of use. This will make the helicopter more efficient in military and disaster prevention functions.