庇護工場經營現況與精進方案之探討-以高雄地區為例

The Study of Sheltered Workshops Operation and Proficiency of Project Researched -A case of Kaohsiung city

邱淑敏(Shu-Ming Chiu)

指導教授 ： 張志雄

義守大學/管理學院/管理碩博士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6343/ISU.2014.00172

摘要

庇護工場設立的家數及提供庇護性就業的名額目前無法滿足身心障礙人士的需求，所以，如何提高現行庇護工場經營的家數或提供經營的誘因鼓勵企業設立庇護工場，以符合眾多身心障礙者希望藉由就業獲得薪資收入、融入社群中享有獨立生活、交友談天的樂趣，是許多社福團體及身心障礙家庭努力的方向。本研究希望從庇護工場現況的探究，瞭解庇護工場在經營上所面臨的問題，進而提出營運之建議，希望透過此次的研究能找出提升庇護工場營運之精進作為，以達到庇護工場永續經營的目標。
研究結果發現，1. 庇護工場定位為就業場所兼具社福功能，但相關規定易互為扞格，難以轉換為身權法所規範的企業角色。2.政府對庇護工場獎補助雖採全國一致標準，但各地方政府可視情況增列，並且透過評鑑檢視經費運用，只是在考量個別差異下標準具有彈性。3.庇護工場在經營上帳目分析混淆不易估算成本，而且人事支出過高影響經營績效，生產效能仍然必須依賴優先採購規定的輔助，行銷也依然要仰賴政府的協助。4.鼓勵社會企業投入經營庇護工場是當前趨勢，不過行銷資源投入不足，使得社會對庇護工場的產品友善度不佳，故只能靠各級政府人權會議促進資源的投入。因此，庇護工場要成為自立自足的企業，尚有一大段路要走。
本研究經由訪談法蒐集相關學者專家與業者的意見，歸納分析後有以下四點建議：1.建議進入庇護工場的庇護性員工障礙等級應依營業種類需求調整；2.建議依障礙等級調整專業人員配置；3.建議結合公益創投改善庇護工場的管理與行銷；4.建議結合博愛職業技能訓練中心進行庇護性就業的職前訓練，以滿足庇護工場經營的需要；5.引進高雄地區中大型企業旗下設立庇護工場，有助於庇護工場的永續經營。

關鍵字

庇護工場 ； 庇護性就業 ； 身心障礙者權益保障法

並列摘要

The number of sheltered workshops and their positions cannot meet the needs of the physically and mentally challenged. Therefore, how to increase the number, motivate the enterprises to set up more sheltered workshops and to gain reasonable salary are the goals for the charities. This study aims to explore the current situations to know more about the difficulties they are facing, and to make some suggestions for the operation of the sheltered workshops so that they can reach their goal to maintain the sustainability.
The findings are as followed. Firstly, sheltered workshops play both roles of workplaces and welfare organizations,which are on the opposite possition. Therefore, it is difficult to transfer to enterprise model in the Individuals with Disabilities Act. The compansation from the govornment to support the sheltered workshop has the nationwide standard; however, the local government can differciate accordingly. It is difficult to estimate the cost of of the operation in sheltered workshops. Administration fee is so high that it affects the productivity.Both productivity and marketing still depend on the government. It is a trend to encourage the enterprises to be devoted to the sheltered workshops. However, due to the lack of marketing resources, the products are not consumer-friendly enough, depending on the government for the promotion on them. Therefore, it is still a long way to go before the factories become self-sufficient.
This study gathers the opinion and advise from related experts and owners and make the following suggestions: 1. Firstly, hire the employees according to the levels of their deficiencies and business categories; 2. Adjust the professional staff according to the levels of the deficiencies; 3. Ally the welfare with investors to improve their management and marketing strategies; 4. Ally professional training center and provide orientation training to meet the need of the operation of the factories; 5. Follow the example of the sheltered factories sponsored by medium and small scale enterprises to help operate sustainably.

並列關鍵字

sheltered workshop ； sheltered employment ； the Individuals with Disabilities Act

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