外籍移工來台工作適應性影響因素之研究－以在南台灣的越南勞工為例

台灣截至2018年10月底，在台灣工作的外籍移工總人數為70萬3162人，其中越南籍移工22萬1569人(31.51%)，大部分越南籍移工主要在台灣的製造業工作。目前越南籍移工是台灣外籍移工的主要來源國之一。然而越南籍移工在台工作的時候，習慣化不同的問題，現實中更加探究。基此，本研究主旨係探討越南籍移工到台灣上班的日子工作方面有許多原因影響適應。論文采用問卷調查法，回收287/300份，有效問卷214份。成果表示，越籍移工到中華民國上班最大的因素是改變家濟(82.2%)。以工作滿意度來說，仲介公司維持關懷外籍移工，將可提升工作適應性，在文化影響方面如果外籍移工進駐的國家文化與其母國越相似越比較容易適應。其次，先備經驗的外籍移工可以快速快進入工作狀態。越南外籍移工從很遠的地方來台灣工作是為了要賺錢，所以公司給予比較好的薪資與福利，越南外籍移工的工作滿意就會提升。整體而言，雇主或主管互動與關懷、仲介的關懷、與同事互動、先備經驗及工作報酬等因素對外籍移工之適應有正向之影響，其中工作要求為負向之影響，顯示在工作上如果雇主有較嚴格的要求會讓外籍移工心理上有壓力或造成身體的疲憊,並因而引發工作的不滿意。

關鍵字

外籍移工；工作滿意度；適應性

並列摘要

As of the end of October 2018, the number of migrant workers in Taiwan was 703,162, and 221,569 were Vietnamese migrant workers (31.51%), who mainly distributed in Taiwan's manufacturing industry. At present, Vietnamese migrant workers are the main source country of Taiwanese migrant workers. However, after the Vietnamese foreign workers come to Taiwan to work, what the problems are in their adaptations should be investigated. Based on this, the main purpose of this study is to discuss what factors faced by the work of Vietnamese foreign workers who came to Taiwan to cause maladjustment and then affect their adaptability. In this study, a questionnaire survey method was adopted. A total of 300 questionnaires were issued, 287 were recovered, and 214 valid questionnaires were collected. The results of the study show that the main reason for Vietnamese migrant workers to work in Taiwan is to improve the economic conditions of their families (82.2%). In terms of job satisfaction, if intermediary companies pay attention to foreign migration, which will improve job adaptability. In terms of cultural impact, if the national culture of foreign migration is more similar to its home country, the easier it is to adapt. Secondly, the expatriate migrant workers who have first experience can quickly enter the working state. Vietnamese migrant workers come to work in Taiwan from a far away to make money, so that the company gives better salary and benefits, and the satisfaction of Vietnamese migrant workers will increase. Overall, factors such as interaction and care of employers or supervisors, care of intermediaries, interaction with colleagues, previous experience and work compensation have a positive influence on the adaptation of foreign migration workers, on the contrast work requirements can negatively affected their satisfaction, indicated that if the employer has stricter requirements at work, the foreign migrant workers will feel stressed psychologically or cause physical fatigue, which will lead to job dissatisfaction.