後備軍人參與災害防救之探討 – 以教育召集後備部隊為例

近年地球全球環境變遷，導致臺灣災害的頻率增加與災損規模逐年增強，在極端氣候的影響下，衍生許多複合性天然災害，例如颱風侵襲夾帶豪雨造成洪水、土石流、坡地崩坍等後續災損，如納莉、莫拉克颱風等，均造成臺灣人民嚴重的傷亡與慘痛的回憶。鑑此，我國政府多次修訂「災害防救法」(以下簡稱災防法)。顯示該如何避免重大天然災害，儼然已成為當今臺灣政府重要的核心問題。臺灣在重大天然災害發生時，需要大量人力、機具投入，國軍基於災害防救之法定職責，每次均全力協助救災，但近幾年國軍轉型，執行「精實案」、「精進案」等人力精簡專案後，已將常備兵力大幅縮減，爾後再遇逢重大災害，各地區國軍已無法如以往派出龐大兵力協力執行救災任務，因此國防部如何運用教育召集應召之後備軍人，編成後備部隊支援災害防救，成為國防部探討之重點。因此，本研究規劃從國防部從近年政策資料與教召訓練實況，以內容分析法彙整有關國軍救災制度，以及教育召集部隊實施災害防救訓練為基礎，再輔以質化深度訪談研究，透由受訪者訪談中獲得的資料，探究重大災難時期國軍教育召集部隊執行防災機制運作情形，加以歸納分析並據以提出政策性建議。

關鍵字

後備部隊；災害防救；教育召集訓練

並列摘要

Recent years the whole world environmental trend, then caused the disaster the frequency increase and the disaster damages the scale to strengthen, lets Taiwan in under the extreme climate influence, grew many compound natural disasters, for example the typhoon attack smuggled the torrential rain to create the flood, earth Shi Liu, the land on slopes collapses and so on the following disaster to damage, like accepted Li, not the Larke typhoon and so on, caused the Taiwan people's serious casualties and the deeply grieved recollection. this, Our country Government revises “the disaster to guard against many times rescues the law” (to hereafter refer to as disaster to guard against law).The appearance, how should avoid the significant natural disaster just like becoming now the government important core question. Taiwan occurs when the significant natural disaster, needs the massive manpower, the machines and tools invests, the national troops guard against based on the assistance disaster rescue the legal responsibility, all with all one's strength assists the disaster relief, but the national troops reform in recent years, the execution “the fine solid document”, “strives the document” and so on the manpower simplification special cases, then the operative force large deflation, nowadays has met meets the significant disaster, has been unable in various local national troops like formerly to send out the huge military strength to unite efforts carries out the disaster relief task, therefore how Department of Defense does call responding to a call the reserve serviceman using the education, the forming disaster response force supports the disaster to guard against rescues, becomes Department of Defense to discuss the key point. Therefore, this research plan with taught from Department of Defense from the recent years policy material to summon the training real state, collected the entire concerned national troops disaster relief system by the content analytic method, as well as the education convened the army to implement the disaster to guard against rescues the training is the foundation, again auxiliary by electron particle materialization depth interview research, passes material which obtained by the participant interview in, inquired into the significant disaster time national troops educated convene the army to carry out the disaster prevention mechanism operation situation, induced the analysis and according to puts forward the policy-type proposal.