從新型態嬰幼兒保育教室-探討嬰幼兒教具設計發展契機之研究

諸多研究中顯示古今中外無論是從專家學者的研究論點，或是科學角度的實驗證實，都足以證明孩子早期的啟發是奠定未來能力發展之基石。所以為孩子營造一個充滿愛的環境與適其發展的空間，增進動作發展的經驗累積，建構腦部神經元樹突的大量連接，並從中觀察孩子各個面向的動作發展需求，再根據需求創造符合所需之環境與教具，確實是現在居家托育人員必須認真思考的方向。本研究主要的目的是在少子化高教育的時代裏，如何適當建立新型態托育模式，啟發孩子學習發展的敏感期契機，並從敏感期契機中找出設計教具的關鍵元素，做為嬰幼兒教具設計方向。因此透過文獻探討與專家訪談過程，整理出嬰幼兒環境建置需求與教具設計之具體意見，以及深度訪談來了解托育兒家長和同業托育人員的觀點，進而了解對新型態嬰幼兒保育教室教具設計之方向，藉由整理專家學者、托育兒家長和同業托育人員等三方訪談結果並條列分析彙整，最後藉由質性研究中的扎根理論法，列出開放式驛碼歸納出設計嬰幼兒教具核心範疇。最終將研究結果，經由歸納、分析、統整的過程，提出新型態嬰幼兒保育教室環境建置與教具設計需特別關注的設計原則，藉此研究期盼能有效提升居家托育品質，更以此目標作為教具設計之基礎要素，並將所設計之教具導入托育現場，探討與驗證嬰幼兒保育教室與教具設計的重要性與真實性，研究成果可供嬰幼兒研究人員與托育人員實際運用之參考。

關鍵字

嬰幼兒教具設計；嬰幼兒保育教室規劃；托育人員

並列摘要

Many experts and scholars have emphasized the importance of initiating children’s early development, as this serves as a cornerstone for the development of more sophisticated abilities in the future. Accordingly, constructing an affectionate environment that is suitable for a child’s development is crucial for the accumulation of motor movement experiences, which subsequently promotes the connections between the synapses of neurons. Well-designed environments also enable daycare personnel to observe children’s various motor development needs and subsequently design teaching aids that suit the environment and the children’s needs. Therefore, home-based daycare operators and personnel should pay attention to creating optimum daycare environments. In line with this era of declining birth rates and high educational levels, the purpose of this study was to investigate appropriate methods of establishing new daycare modes aimed at eliciting the developmental- and learning-sensitive period in infants and toddlers. This study also examined the developmental opportunities of infants and toddlers in that period, in order to determine the critical elements for designing effective infant and toddler teaching aids. Information about the relevant critical elements is expected to serve as a useful reference for teaching aid designers. This study employed two methods for data collection. First, opinions about (1) teaching aid design for infants and toddlers and (2) set-up requirements of environments for infants and toddlers were collected by reviewing relevant literature and interviewing experts. Next, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect parents’ and daycare personnel’s opinions on the aforementioned topics. The data from these two sources were then organized into lists. Finally, the data were analyzed using the grounded theory approach of qualitative research; open coding was used to identify the core categories of teaching aid designs for infants and toddlers. The study results were organized, analyzed, and integrated into a list of main design Principles that should be considered when setting up a daycare classroom or designing teaching aids for infants or toddlers. The list was compiled with the hope of improving the quality of home-based daycare services. To examine the validity of the proposed teaching aid and classroom design, future researchers can produce teaching aids based on the principles stated in the list and introduce them into actual daycare classroom settings. The results of such future research can serve as a reference for daycare personnel and researchers conducting relevant research.