社工系大四學生專業認同、預期工作壓力與從事社工就業意願之研究

本研究的目的在探討大四社會工作系學生於畢業後擔任社工的就業意願，並瞭解其背景變項、專業認同及預期工作壓力對就業意願的預測能力與預測模型。研究者採用自編問卷調查中部地區大專院校至少完成一次機構實習之社工系大四學生，共發放370份問卷，有效問卷323份，回收率為87.30％。結果如下：社會工作系大四學生以女性、有宗教信仰、成績81-90分、期待的月薪以3萬元以上居多。在專業認同各個向度上，專業理念、專業價值、專業自我均高於4分，但學生專業投入程度卻低於3.5分，顯見學生在認同專業的理念與價值卻不投入。其中男性的專業理念和專業價值較女性高，但專業投入卻顯著低於女性；無宗教信仰者、學業成績70分以下者之專業投入亦顯著較低。社工系大四學生的就業意願並不算高，群體間的比較顯示：學業成績70分以下、實習領域為社區領域的學生就業意願顯著較低。在預期工作壓力的分析中，女性較男性學生更在意：專業不足、人身安全、多重角色、機構制度所帶來的壓力。在社區機構實習的學生預期機構制度所可能帶來的壓力，比在其他機構實習的學生更高。學業成績80分以下的學生，在興趣不高的壓力預期分數明顯高於其他學生。薪資期待3萬以上的學生，預期的工作時間長、薪資福利待遇低兩項工作壓力高於薪資期待3萬以下的學生。另外，特別在社區領域實習的學生，呈現低度的就業意願與專業投入，以及有高度之預期工作壓力。以階層迴歸分析整個模型的預測力；當依序加入背景變項、預期工作壓力、專業認同時，R2 增加量分別為3.3%、37.8%、27.5%，總計可解釋就業意願變異量的68.6%，具有良好預測力。研究者並依以上發現，對社工業界、社工教育、及後續研究提供建議。

關鍵字

社會工作者；專業認同；預期工作壓力；就業意願

並列摘要

To explore the intention of being a social worker about senior social work students, 323 senior social students at middle Taiwan was selected as the samples. An “expected-work-stresses inventory” composed of 9 expected stresses sources were constructed for this research, which Cronbach α were .90, reveals good internal consistency. Senior students in the social work department are mostly female, religious believer, scored 81-90 points, and expect a monthly salary of more than $30,000 NT. In terms of professional Identity, professional concept, professional value, and professional self are all higher than 4 points in 5-pointed-scales, while the professional engagement is less than 3.5 points. It is obvious that male senior social work students get low professional engagement although they have high professional concept, value, and self. On the other hand, the students that were religious believer, or academic scored higher than 70, got higher professional engagement. Female students expected more stresses from professional deficiency, personal safety, multiple roles, institutional rules than male ones. Students’ that academic scores below 80, expected higher stressed form low-interest. The students that expect higher salary (more than $30000 NT) worried about more stresses from long-working-time, and low-benefit. To analysis the predictability of the predict model, hierarchical regression model was used. The R2 increments were 3.3%, 37.8%, and 27.5%, while the demographic variables, expected work stress, and professional identity were added in sequences. 68.6% variance of employment intention was explained by the entire model, that reveal very good predictability. Some suggests were gave according to the finding above.