台灣航運業之績效評估

Performance Evaluation of Taiwan's Shipping Industry

吳佳珊(Jia-Shan Wu)

指導教授 ： 王順生

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/工業工程與管理系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

台灣以地理環境來看為四面環海之島嶼，由於天然資源不豐富，要維持經濟的發展必須要仰賴對外貿易，其中大部分利用海洋運輸。過去在1970、80年代，台灣處於經濟快速成長的年代，在政府積極經營的情況下，總貨物吞吐量平均每五年的成長率幾乎均在五成以上。然而近年來由於國際上的競爭越來越激烈及大陸經濟的蓬勃發展，國內工商業的轉型、產業外移，以及大陸龐大的市場商機導致大陸港口如上海港、深圳港、青島港的崛起，也讓台灣在航運的競爭力上面臨重大挑戰。目前台灣主要港口貨物吞吐量幾乎已全面落後於大陸，且在台灣幅員腹地較小以及擴建新碼頭不易的情況下，航運業者如何使自身經營能突破現有格局而帶動整體經濟發展已刻不容緩，因此如何有效衡量航運業的經營績效，提升總體競爭力並給予改善建議成為現今重要的話題。
本研究運用資料包絡分析法(DEA)及Malmquist 生產力變動指數分析法，探討國內上市的12家航運業之經營效率及生產力變動的情形。在此研究的過程中，主要為尋找102年至104年航運業投入產出之效率，投入變數為總資產、營業成本以及營業費用等3項，產出變數為營業收入以及稅前淨利，利用各項指標找出最有效率以及最無效率的業者，並分析其影響效率的因素，提供給決策者做為參考的依據，以提升業者之經營績效。

關鍵字︰經營績效、資料包絡分析法、航運業、Malmquist 生產力

關鍵字

Malmquist 生產力 ； 航運業 ； 資料包絡分析法 ； 經營績效

並列摘要

Due to the lack of nature resources in Taiwan, maintaining economical development is heavily dependent on international trading. However in recent years due to the increasingly fierce international competition and the booming mainland economy, the transformation of the domestic industrial and commercial, industrial relocation, as well as the huge business opportunities in the mainland market led to the rise of international port continent, but also to the competitiveness of Taiwan on shipping We face significant challenges.
This research was to examine the operation performance and the changed of productivity for twelve public navigation industries by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index. During this study, the main looking for 102 to 104 years in the shipping industry input-output efficiency, the input variables of the total assets, operating costs and operating expenses 3, the output variable operating income and net income before tax, the use of the indicators to identify the most efficient and the most inefficient industry, and to analyze the factors that affect the efficiency, to decision makers as a basis for reference, to enhance the business performance of the industry.

Key words: Operation efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Navigation, Malmquist productive index

並列關鍵字

Malmquist productive index ； Navigation ； Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ； Operation efficiency

參考文獻

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