推廣原住民生態及文化旅遊之層級分析

Analytic Hierarchy Process for The Promotion of Aboriginal Ecotourism and Cultural Tourism

吳益彰(Yi-Jang Wu)

指導教授 ： 白子易

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

臺灣島富有多樣化的自然生態資源與原住民史蹟文物，擁有推廣原住民生態及文化旅遊的絕佳條件。在臺灣致力於成為綠色矽島的同時，素有「無煙囪工業」之稱的觀光旅遊業應是優先發展的產業之一。期望透過推廣原住民地區生態及文化旅遊，提升國人休閒文化品質，進而創造原住民就業機會與固定收入、增進國人對臺灣生態保育及文化保存的重視，齊心建立永續發展的美麗寶島。
本研究主要應用層級分析法 （analytic hierarchy process, AHP），旨針對政府行政機關、原住民團體及學者專家等對推廣原住民生態及文化旅遊準則之重要性評估，於歸納分析出一致性觀點，統整並取得研究結果，以作為政府在推廣原住民生態及文化旅遊之參考。
研究者藉由相關之文獻探討，彙整相關評估要素，採用Likert五尺度量表之題項設計調查問卷，統計結果並進行平均數及標準差分析，最後採用平均數4以上的19點題項為要素準則，建立「推廣原住民生態及文化旅遊之層級架構」，並據此編製AHP相對權重之調查問卷。
問卷回收後，篩檢一致性檢定有效問卷，以控制結果之可信度，藉由AHP之成對比較過程，獲得準則間相對重要性之權重值，以建立權重體系，提供相關單位具參考價值之訊息。本研究分析結果論述如下：
一、在推廣原住民生態及文化旅遊評估要素層中，整體專家認為最重要的要素依序為：「生態及文化的維護」(0.267)、「政府的支持與推動」(0.252)、「社區營造的運作」(0.234)、「旅遊品質的管控」(0.126) 以及「經濟效益的提升」(0.120)。
二、在「政府的支持與推動」下要素準則層，其重要順序為：「加強山坡地水土保持」(0.270)、「立法維護生物及文化多樣性」(0.211)、「規範永續資源利用的生態旅遊方式」(0.201)、「加強各旅遊據點具獨特部落風格之景觀意象」(0.166) 以及「規劃並發展生態及文化旅遊區」(0.152)。
三、在「社區營造的運作」下要素準則層，其重要順序為：「遵照傳統部落公約制訂自然保留區自治規章」(0.382)、「徵求社區總體營造專家參與部落發展計劃」(0.315) 以及「訂定部落傳統建築物與設施的保存計畫」(0.302)。
四、在「經濟效益的提升」下要素準則層，其重要順序為：「輔導原住民運用在地文化暨促進產業升級」(0.324)、「善用部落長期累積的生態知識」(0.262)、「培訓自然保留區管理與解說人力」(0.230) 及「建立基金會將共享利潤歸為部落發展專用」(0.184)。
五、在「旅遊品質的管控」下要素準則層，其重要順序為：「成立生態及文化旅遊安全監測系統」(0.401)、「提升交通及公共設施服務品質」(0.301)及「建置完善的災變預警系統以維護旅遊安全」(0.299)。
六、在「生態及文化的維護」下要素準則層，其重要順序為：「維護部落傳統建築文化的風格」(0.265)、「規劃創作性及體驗式的生態及文化旅遊型態」(0.262)、「推廣傳統文化課程促進部落歷史文化傳承」(0.244)及「監督並管制生態及文化旅遊區承載量」(0.229)。
七、要素準則整體權重前5項準則依序為「遵照傳統部落公約制訂自然保留區自治規章」(0.090)、「徵求社區總體營造專家參與部落發展計劃」(0.073)、「訂定部落傳統建築物與設施的保存計畫」(0.071)、「規劃創作性及體驗式的生態及文化旅遊型態」(0.070)及「加強山坡地水土保持」(0.068)；可供政府及相關單位參考。

關鍵字

層級分析法 ； 生態及文化旅遊 ； 原住民

並列摘要

Taiwan is gifted with diverse natural ecological resources and aboriginal historical heritage which create the optimal condition for promoting aboriginal ecotourism and cultural tourism. When Taiwan is dedicated to becoming the green silicon island, tourism industry, which has been known as “smokeless industry”, should be the industry for priority development. It is hoped that the leisure and cultural quality of citizens can be improved by promoting the ecological and cultural tourism of the aboriginal areas, and the employment opportunities and fixed income of aborigines can be further increased to make citizens in Taiwan place greater emphasis on the ecological and cultural conservation in Taiwan, and make concerted efforts to establish a beautiful island of sustainable development.
This employed the analytic hierarchical process (AHP) to determine the importance of criteria for government administrative agencies, aboriginal groups, scholars, and experts to promote aboriginal ecological and cultural tourism. In addition, consistent viewpoints were summed up, and research results were integrated as a reference for the government to promote aboriginal ecological and cultural tourism.
Literature review was conducted to summarize relevant evaluation factors. Likert 5-point scale was used to design the items of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed with analysis of the mean and standard deviation. Nineteen items with an average mean over 4 were adopted as the criteria to construct the “hierarchy for promoting aboriginal ecological and cultural tourism.” AHP questionnaire of relative weight was complied based on the hierarchy.
After the questionnaires were returned, the consistency of valid questionnaires was tested to control the reliability of the results. The values of relative weight of relative importance of the criteria were obtained based on the pairwise comparison of AHP to construct the system of relative weight as a valuable reference for relevant units. The results of analysis are as follows:
1. In the criterion for promoting aboriginal ecological and cultural tourism, as a whole, the experts suggested that most important factors are in the order as follows: “maintenance of ecology and culture” (0.267), “support and promotion of the government” (0.252), “operation of community empowerment” (0.234), “control of tourism quality” (0.126), and “enhancement of economic benefits” (0.120).
2. Under the criterion of “support and promotion of the government,” the importance of evaluation factors is in the order as follows: “enhancing the water and soil conservation of hillsides” (0.270), “enacting laws to maintain biological and cultural diversity” (0.211), “regulating the ecotourism of sustainable resource utilization” (0.201), “enhancing the landscape image of unique tribal style at each tourist spot” (0.166), and “planning and developing tourist areas of ecological and cultural tourism” (0.152).
3. Under the criterion of “operation of community empowerment,” the importance of evaluation factor is in the order as follows: “following traditional tribal conventions to formulate self-governing regulations” (0.382), “recruiting experts of community empowerment to participate in tribal development planning” (0.315), and “establishing preservation project for tribal traditional architecture and facilities” (0.302).
4. Under the criterion of “enhancing economic benefits,” the importance of evaluation factors is in the order as follows: “assisting aborigines to make use of local culture and promoting the industrial upgrading” (0.324), “making the best use of the long-term cumulative ecological knowledge” (0.262), “training the managers and tour guides of nature reserve,” (0.230), and “establishing a foundation and reserving the shared profits for the use of tribal development” (0.184).
5. Under the criterion of “control of tourism quality,” the importance of evaluation factors is in the order as follows: “establishing the safety monitoring system for ecological and cultural tourism” (0.401), “improving the service quality of transportation and public facilities” (0.301), and “constructing a complete disaster early warning system to maintain travel safety” (0.299).
6. Under the criterion of “maintenance of ecology and culture,” the importance of evaluation factors is in the order as follows: “maintaining the styles of tribal traditional architecture and culture” (0.265), “planning innovative and experiential ecological and cultural tourism” (0.262), “promoting courses of traditional culture to improve the conveyance of tribal history and culture” (0.244), and “supervising and controlling the bearing capacity of tourist areas of ecological and cultural tourism” (0.229).
7. The 5 factors of the highest relative weights among the criteria are in the order as follows: “following traditional tribal conventions to formulate self-governing regulations” (0.090), “recruiting experts of community empowerment to participate in tribal development planning” (0.073), “establishing preservation project for tribal traditional architecture and facilities” (0.071), “planning innovative and experiential ecological and cultural tourism” (0.070), and “enhancing the water and soil conservation of hillsides” (0.068). The results above serve as a reference for the government and relevant units.

並列關鍵字

層級分析法 ； 生態及文化旅遊 ； 原住民

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