資訊不對稱下證券交易管理與銀行經營策略之探討

Research on the Management of the Securities Exchange and Banking Business Strategies under Information Asymmetry

花榮尉(Rong-Wei Hua)

指導教授 ： 林益倍

朝陽科技大學/管理學院/企業管理系台灣產業策略發展博士班/博士(2017年)

摘要

本論文主要研究程序說明如下：首先進行證券市場「內線交易」與「訊息面暫停交易機制」之評析，有利於股市投資者正確法治投資觀念之理解，其次運用賽局理論，探討在面對金融同業間同時推出性質相近之新商品，或面對國外銀行加入國內金融市場競爭，及以銀行業與借款人為參賽者等情境設定下進行銀行業決策行為之分析。最後再以某國內銀行各分行為案例，採用灰色生成模型GM(0,N)與灰色關聯分析，來重新建立一套較為客觀之評量標準，以作為國內銀行業擬定其年度營運目標與評估營業單位經營績效之依據，再根據此一評估結果給予各營業單位經營績效之排名。本論文主要研究內容如下：
首先，本文透過文獻探討與司法實務判決等，進行有關證券市場內線交易及法院相關判決之評析與探討，可以發現我國最高法院判決多數認為內線交易之禁止，僅須內部人具備「獲悉發行公司有重大影響其股票價格之消息」及「在該消息未公開前，對該公司之上市或上櫃之股票,買入或賣出」此二形式要件即成立，並未規定行為人主觀目的要件。似與目前司法實務及學界認為「刑法之目的不僅在於懲罰或嚇阻犯罪人實行犯罪行為，亦應注重犯罪人之反社會性格並預防其再犯，以維護社會之安全發展」相違背。另外，實施「訊息面暫停交易機制」係為給予投資人有充裕的時間消化重大訊息。惟暫停交易制度雖然立意良善，但能否確實發揮防止資訊不對稱及內線交易之弊端，仍有待許多問題之釐清，且暫停交易之申請，恐淪為有心人操縱市場及內線交易之工具，蓋股票交易常為各公司投資理財或財務調度之方式，故尚不得以進行買賣即認定為內線交易，而應根據「罪證有疑，利於被告」之證據法則判斷，以符合目前已逐漸成為主流刑法理論之綜合主、客觀判斷法則。
其次，運用賽局理論探討銀行業之經營策略。研究結果顯示，當兩家競爭之銀行，同時計畫推出性質相近的新金融商品時，可將同時決策之賽局，轉換成依序賽局，再利用先發制人之策略，獲取競爭上的利益；或在不同時段推出不同產品，以營造競爭雙方共贏之情況。當國外銀行欲進入國內金融市場，此時競爭賽局雙方均衡策略為(進入，原價)，以避免陷入競相降價之惡性競爭。最後當銀行拍賣抵押物受償價金愈高(低)時，債務人採取正常履約之機率愈高(低)。故銀行業辦理貸款時，借款人抵押物多寡之爭取，常成為借款人是否採取違約背信策略之主要依據之一。
最後再以某國內A銀行業之經營績效為研究對象，蒐集該銀行27家分行2015年所經營之業務評核、管理績效、員工貢獻度、盈餘達成率、盈餘成長率、風險資產收益率及信用風險等7個績效項目為分析因子，使用灰色GM(0,N)方式分析上述因子之權重。研究結果顯示，盈餘達成率及盈餘成長率兩因子對於營運績效貢獻最大，其餘排序分別為盈餘達成率、盈餘成長率、信用風險權數、員工貢獻度、管理績效、風險資產收益率及業務評核。另外，本文使用局部性灰色關聯度分析各個分行全年度之績效排名，得到績優單位分別為A13、A26、A8與A27。績效表現落後之單位分別為A22、A11、A1、A10及A9，其餘為中等單位，上述結果與目前銀行實務評估結果相符。顯示銀行業如果要達成較佳的績效表現，必須特別重視分行盈餘目標之達成指標。

關鍵字

內線交易 ； 訊息面暫停交易機制 ； 經營策略 ； 賽局理論 ； 灰色理論

並列摘要

The main research procedure of this paper is described below：First of all, we will conduct an assessment of the "insider trading" and "information plane suspension trading mechanism" , to help the stock market investors to understand the correct concept of investment in the rule of law. Second, we use game theory to explore when facing the financial industry at the same time introduce similar nature of the new goods, or facing foreign banks join the domestic market competition, and the bank and the borrower set for the contestants and other circumstances doing the banking decision-making behavior analysis.Finally, we take domestic bank branches as a case, using the grey generation model GM (0, N) and grey relational analysis to reestablish a set of more objective evaluation criteria as the basis for the domestic banking industry to formulate its annual operational target and evaluate the operating performance of the business unit, and then according the results of this assessment to give business units operating performance ranking. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
First of all, this article through literature discussion and judicial judgments, etc., to carry out the assessment and discussion of the securities market transactions and court-related judgments. We can find that the Supreme Court mostly ruled that the insider trading ban only was that the insider had "the news that the issuing company had a significant impact on its stock price" and that "before the news was published, stock, buy or sell” the two elements of the form that is established, which do not specify the subjective purpose of the subject. It seems to be contrary to the view of the current judicial practice and academics that “the criminal law are aimed not only in punishing or deterring the perpetrators of committing crimes, but also on the anti-social character of the perpetrators and preventing their recidivism in order to maintain the safe development of society.” In addition, the implementation of the " Message surface suspension trading mechanism" is to give investors plenty of time to understand significant message. However, although the idea of the suspension of the trading system is good, but whether it can play to prevent information asymmetry and insider trading malpractice still remain many issues to be clarified, and application of the transaction suspension, for fear of being tools that people manipulate the market and insider trading, because stock trading is often the way the company invest or dispatch financial, carrying out the sale is not yet to be identified as insider trading, but should be based on the evidence "evidence is doubt, in favor of the defendant," to judge, in line with the current has gradually become the mainstream of the main objective and objective judgment criminal law theory.
Secondly, this paper uses game theory to explore bank’s operating strategies. The results showed that when the two competing banks are planning to launch new financial products with similar properties, they can at the same time convert the game into a sequential tournament and then use the preemptive strategy to gain competitive benefits, or at different times to launch different products to create a win-win situation for both sides of the competition. When foreign banks want to enter the domestic financial market, this time the competition between the two sides of the game strategy was (enter, the original price), in order to avoid falling into the vicious competition. Finally, the higher (lower) the price of the collateral for bank auctions were, the higher the probability the debtor will take. Therefore, when the bank industry handle the loans, the borrower's claim for the amount of collateral is often one of the main basis for the borrower to take the default strategy. Finally, we take the performance of a domestic banking industry as a research object to collect the business assessment, management performance, employee contribution, earnings reach rate, earnings growth rate and risk assets of the 27 branches of the bank in 2015 Rate and credit risk of seven performance projects as the analysis factor, using grey GM (0, N) way to analyze the weight of the above factors. The results showed that the two factors of earnings achievement and earnings growth contribute the most to operating performance, and the remaining factor ranking followed by earnings achievement rate, earnings growth rate, credit risk weight, employee contribution, management performance, risky asset yield and business assessment. In addition, this paper uses partial grey correlation degree to analyze the rank of each branch's annual performance, and obtain the A13, A26, A8 and A27 respectively. Performance behind the units are A22, A11, A1, A10 and A9 respectively, and the rest are medium units. The above results are in accordance with the current bank practice evaluation results. It shows that if the banking industry wants to achieve better performance, we must pay special attention to the achievement of the target of the branch's surplus.

並列關鍵字

insider trading ； message surface suspension trading mechanism ； business strategy ； game theory ； grey theory

參考文獻

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