設計師成就動機與企業內部產品設計提案決策方式對其工作滿意度之影響

The Influence of Designers' Achievement Motivation and Product Design Decision-Making to Designers' Job Satisfaction

孫嘉驊(Jia-Hwa Sun)

指導教授 ： 葉雯玓

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

企業在面對全球化的激烈競爭時，其研發核心競爭力的來源，為擁有具專業知能的員工，以及士氣旺盛的團隊。McCelland（1961）認為，「高成就動機者在競爭的情境中，會更加努力，來獲取成就。」；員工成就動機的高低關係著團隊的士氣興衰，因此可見其於現代企業之重要性。
本研究從余安邦與楊國樞（1987）的「個我取向成就動機」與「社會取向成就動機」，探討產品設計師成就動機與企業產品設計提案決策及其工作滿意度間的互動關連，研究之主要內容如下：（一）瞭解國內企業產品設計提案決策現況；（二）調查分析設計師之成就動機；（三）調查分析設計師之工作滿意度；（四）分析產品設計提案決策與設計師成就動機以及設計師工作滿意度間的互動關連。
結果發現：（一）國內企業產品設計提案決策方式有「剝削-權威式」、「仁慈-權威式」、「諮商式」以及「參與式」；（二）設計師之成就動機為「低SOAM，高IOAM」及「高SOAM，高IOAM」；（三）設計師因在工作中能用自己的能力做一些事的機會感到最滿意，另一方面由於組織制度的設計而造成的觀點不同，已成為設計師最不滿意的問題；（四）決策型態方面「一人決策」與「多數決策」在「決策滿意度」及「整體工作滿意度」上均無顯著差異；四種決策方式「剝削-權威式」、「仁慈-權威式」、「諮商式」以及「參與式」在「決策滿意度」及「整體工作滿意度」上均有顯著差異。其中以「諮商式」的決策模獲得最高的滿意度。

關鍵字

工業設計 ； 工作滿意度 ； 決策方式 ； 成就動機

並列摘要

At a time when global competition becomes exceedingly keen, the source of core competence in terms of research and development for enterprises rests with the possession of a professional team with high morale. McCelland（1961） suggested “people with high achievement motivation tended to work harder under competition in order to achieve”. As such, the intensity of employee achievement motivation is closely associated with the morale of the team, and would be critical for modern enterprises.
This study is based on the study of Yu An-Bang and Yang Kuo-Shu （1987） on “Individual-oriented achievement motivation（IOAM）” and “social-oriented achievement motivation（SOAM）”, and is an attempt to assess the association between the achievement motivation of designers and product design proposals of the enterprise and the job satisfaction of the designers. The content of the study in this paper covers: （1）An understanding of current practices of domestic enterprises in product design decision-making; （2）survey and analysis of the achievement motivation of the designers; （3）survey and analysis of the job satisfaction of the designers; （4）Analysis of the correlation between the decision-making of product design proposals and achievement motivation of the designers as well as the job satisfaction of the designers.
Research findings: （1）There are four modes of decision-making in product design proposals in domestic enterprises, they are “exploitative-authoritative”, “benevolent-authoritative”, “consultative” and “participative”;（2）Designers’ achievement motivation would be “low SOAM, and high IOAM” and “high SOAM and high IOAM”;（3）Designers will be most
satisfied if they have the opportunity to do something on their own within their capacity when they are stuck at work;（4）In decision-making, there is no significant correlation between “individual decision” or “collective decision” and “ decision satisfaction” and “overall job satisfaction”. However, there is significant correlation between the four modes of decisions, “exploitative-authoritative”, “benevolent-authoritative”, “consultative” and “participative”, and “decision satisfaction” and “overall job satisfaction” of which “consultative” has the highest level of satisfaction.

並列關鍵字

achievement motivation ； industrial design ； job satisfaction ； mode of decision

參考文獻

余安邦、楊國樞（1987），《社會取向成就動機與個我取向成就動機：概念分析與實徵研究》。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，64，51-98。

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