SAR量測之探討研究

Studies of SAR and Measurement

陳孟宗(Meng-tsung Chen)

指導教授 ： 劉皆成

大同大學/電機資訊學院/通訊工程研究所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

在科技以跳躍式的進步發展中，無線通訊已進入普遍使用的階段，相對的在生活環境中充滿大量的電磁輻射，但電磁輻射是否對人體產生傷害，或多或少的出現於媒體中，使得民眾對電磁輻射可能造成的傷害益發重視，而主管機關對此之管理機制及依據是決定是否能避免讓電磁輻射傷害你我的要件。目前世界上最為普遍採用的標準、指引或參考之技術資料計有美國FCC OET65 Supplement C、IEEE/ANSI C95.1、IEEE Std-1528及歐洲CENELEC prEN50360、prEN50361、ES59005等，國內亦已制訂1.6 W/Kg為局部曝露之SAR限制值。為探討於量測時，是否會因不同之量測因素而影響到手機輻射限制值，甚至於超過國家標準所規範的手機輻射限制值，藉以推測該限制值訂定之適用性。本研究參考先進國家及技術組織已制定人體電磁波比吸收率(SAR)的相關標準要求，對於電磁波能量吸收率(SAR)相關的曝露量規定及以科學為基礎的評估程序標準，包括了近場區域的主要能量吸收機制、人類曝露於無線電射頻電磁場的安全等級、依不同頻率所調製之人體模擬組織液、探討射頻(RF)產品在不同人體模擬組織液的條件下對影響頭部電磁波吸收率(SAR) 估計值量測的因素，如：人體組織液、不同功率、不同天線模式及與頭部接觸情況等因素進行模擬，藉以推測電磁能量在頭部的吸收機制。

關鍵字

人體之電磁波能量吸收率 ； 人體模擬組織液 ； 模擬人體頭型

並列摘要

With the quantum leap on new technologies, wireless communication was widely adopted in the market place by the general public. But, by looking into our living environment and by receiving all kind of message from the media, we found that the electromagnetic field was radiated all around us. Although, this brought us with the benefit of highly mobility.
But, on the other hand, whether this electromagnetic field would cause any hazardous to the mankind was quite questionable and highly being discussed. And, the health and safety of the general public on this subject would deeply rely upon the mechanisms and/or regulations being enforced by the authorities or managing departments of each individual government. Currently, there were quite a few standards, directives and technical documents being published and brought into implementation by some highly developed countries or area. This includes:
North America (FCC):
- OET 65 Supplement C;
- ANSI/IEEE C95.1;
- IEEE Std-1528.
European Union (CENELEC):
- prEN 50360;
- prEN 50361;
- ES 59005.
At the meantime, Taiwan, with such a well developed infrastructure on wireless communication, had also recognized the situation and set up a regulation by limiting the ratio of RF exposure (Specific Absorption Ratio, SAR) to 1.6 W/Kg.
By referring to all the applicable standards and its defined measuring methods as mentioned above, the following questions are being raised.
- With different measuring methods being adopted, whether the measuring conditions and certain key factors would influent the measured results?
- What is the rationale in setting up the limit of the SAR and its applicability?
The main objective of this research was based upon the applicable measurement standards and requirements, which had been widely adopted, on SAR evaluation in exploring the RF absorption mechanism of human body/head and replying to above two questions. The research had covered the following conditions and scenario:
- Energy absorption mechanism in near field;
- Classification of electromagnetic field exposure on personnel safety;
- Chemical content and ingredients of tissue-simulant liquid on various frequency bands;
The experiments and its related results were conducted under the different approaches with the following key factors being defined:
- Tissue-simulant liquids;
- Frequency bands;
- RF probes/sensors;
- Postures of surface contacts on phantom head with RF devices.

並列關鍵字

Phantom ； SAR ； Tissue-simulant liquids

參考文獻

Q. Balzano, O. Garay, and J. T. Manning, “Electromagnetic energy exposure of simulated users of portable cellular telephones,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technology., vol. 44, no. 3, pp.390-403, Aug. 1995.

ANSI/IEEE Std C95.1,IEEE Standard for Safety levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields,3KHz to 300GHZ, 1999 Edition.

FCC OET Bulletin 65,Version 97-01:Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio frequency Electromagnetic Fields.

Schmid & Partner Engineering AG,DASY3,Dosimetric Assessment System Software Manual,1999 August.

N.Kuster and Q.Balzano,”Energy absorption mechanism by biological bodies in the near field of dipole antennas above 300MHz”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.41, no.1, pp.17-23,Feb.1992.