廚師休閒參與及休閒效益探討

本研究主旨在廚師休閒參與及休閒效益探討、分析影響休閒參與之因素以及探究休閒參與與休閒效益之關係。本研究採取便利抽樣，並以問卷調查進行資料蒐集工作，總計問卷698份，回收有效問卷553份，有效問卷回收率79.22％。在資料分析上，則運用敘述性統計、卡方獨立性檢定、單因子變異數分析以及皮爾森積差相關分析等分析方法，經由分析結果發現如下：壹、廚師的休閒現況：一、廚師參與休閒活動的頻率偏低。二、廚師最常參與的休閒活動類別為「消遣娛樂型」之活動，最少參與的是「社交聯誼型」活動。三、不同背景變項之廚師（性別、婚姻狀況、子女情況、年齡、學歷、職務、服務年資、收入、任職餐廳類型、餐廳廚師類型、證照、餐廳員工數、縣市分類之廚師）與部分「休閒現況」有顯著相關性存在。貳、不同背景變項之廚師在「休閒參與」上之差異情形一、不同性別的廚師在「悠閒與修身型」與「一般遊戲型」均達顯著水準。表示女性廚師在「悠閒與修身型」參與頻率高於男性廚師，而男性廚師在「一般遊戲型」參與頻率高於女性廚師。二、不同婚姻狀況的廚師在「知識藝術型」、「悠閒與修身型」、「競技遊戲型」、「一般遊戲型」與「消遣娛樂型」均達顯著水準。三、不同子女情況的廚師在「知識藝術型」、「競技遊戲型」與「消遣娛樂型」均達顯著水準。四、不同年齡的廚師在「知識藝術型」、「競技遊戲型」、「一般遊戲型」、「消遣娛樂型」與「休閒參與總分」均達顯著水準。五、不同服務年資的廚師在「知識藝術型」、「消遣娛樂型」與「休閒參與總分」均達顯著水準。不同任職餐廳類型的廚師在「知識藝術型」、「競技遊戲型」、「一般遊戲型」、「戶外遊憩型」與「休閒參與總分」達顯著水準。六、不同餐廳廚師類型的廚師在「知識藝術型」、「悠閒與修身型」、「競技遊戲型」、「一般遊戲型」與「社交聯誼型」均達顯著水準。七、不同餐廳員工數的廚師在「知識藝術型」、「競技遊戲型」、「一般遊戲型」、「戶外遊憩型」與「休閒參與總分」均達顯著水準。參、不同背景變項之廚師在「休閒效益」上之差異情形一、不同收入之廚師在「休閒效益」的「生理效益」、「整體休閒效益」有顯著差異存在。二、持有不同證照的廚師、不同地區的廚師與部份「休閒效益」有顯著差異存在。肆、廚師的「休閒參與」與「休閒效益」之相關性「休閒參與」與「休閒效益」具有相關性。「知識藝術型」、「悠閒與修身型」、「一般遊戲型」、「戶外遊憩型」、「消遣娛樂型」與「社交聯誼型」各構面均達顯著相關。顯示休閒效益愈好，愈不會接受「一般遊戲型」的休閒活動。關鍵字：廚師、休閒參與、休閒效益

關鍵字

廚師；休閒參與；休閒效益

並列摘要

Abstract This research aimed to probe into leisure participation and leisure benefit of cooks, analyze elements of leisure participation, as well as to discuss the relation between these two objects. Convenience sampling was adopted in this research which proceeded with data collection via questionnaire survey. A total of 698 questionnaires were sent out, and 553 effective copies were retrieved. The return rate of effective questionnaire was 79.22%.This research further utilized Descriptive statistics,Chi-square test of independence ,One-way ANOVA and Pearson product-movement correlation to analyze data, and the results were as follows: I. The current situation of cooks participation in leisure activities: 1. The frequency of leisure participation of cooks is low. 2.The category of leisure activity in which chefs participate most often is the "time-killing entertainment type” of activities, and the one in which they participate least often is the "social contact type”. 3. There is a significant correlation between cooks with different background variables (gender, marital status, children’s information, age, qualifications, job titles, length of service, income, type of restaurant served, type of cooks in the restaurant, certificates and licenses, employee number in the restaurant, cooks in the classification of city or county) and some parts of their current situations of the leisure participation in activities. II. The differences in “leisure participation” among cooks with different background variables. 1.The differences in “Leisure and cultivation activity” and “General game activity” between cooks of both genders were significant. This indicated that participation frequency of female cooks in “Leisure and cultivation activity” was higher than that of male cooks, and participation frequency of male cooks in “General game activity” was higher than that of female cooks. 2.The differences in “Knowledge and art activity”, “Leisure and cultivation activity”, “Competition activity”, “General pleasure activity” and “Recreation activity” among cooks of different marital statuses were significant. 3.The differences in “Knowledge and art activity”,“Competition activity”and “Recreation activity” among cooks of different children conditions were significant. 4.The differences in “Knowledge and art activity”, “Competition activity”, “General game activity”, “Recreation activity”, and “Total score of leisure participation” among cooks of various ages were significant; differences in “Knowledge and art activity”, “Competition activity” and “Recreation activity”among cooks of various educational levels were significant. 5.The differences in “Knowledge and art activity”, “Recreation activity”, and “Total score of leisure participation” among cooks of various seniorities were significant; differences in “Knowledge and art activity”, “Competition activity”, “General game activity”, “Outdoor leisure activity” and“Total score of leisure participation” among cooks working in various kinds of restaurants were significant. 6.The differences in “Knowledge and art activity”, “Leisure and Cultivation activity”, “Competition activity”, “General game activity” and “Social relation activity” among cooks working in various kinds of restaurants were significant. 7.The differences in “Knowledge and art activity”, “Leisure and Cultivation activity”, “Competition activity”, “General game activity” and “Social relation activity” among cooks working in various kinds of restaurants were significant. III. The differences in “leisure benefits” among cooks with different background variables. 1.There is a significant difference between "physiological benefits" and "overall leisure benefits" of cooks with different income under the "leisure benefits” category. 2.There is a significant difference between some parts of “leisure benefits” and cooks with different certificates or licenses in different areas. IV. The correlation between "leisure participation" and "leisure benefits" of cooks. There is a correlation between "leisure participation" and "leisure benefits".All aspects of "knowledgeable & artistic type", "leisure & spiritual type","general activity type", "outdoor recreation type", "time-killing entertainment type", and "social contact type" reach a significant correlation.The results show that the better the leisure benefits are, the less often cooks accept the "general activity type" of leisure activities. Keywords: Cooks； Leisure activity ；Leisure benefit