國中生早晚餐飲食型態、知識及態度之調查研究

摘要本研究目的欲瞭解高雄市國中生早晚餐飲食型態、飲食知識、態度之關係。以105學年度就讀高雄市公立國中之學生為母群體，以集群分析的方式分出大中小型三類學校，再以分層隨機抽樣的方式，按學校數的比例抽取大中小型學校，分別4所、2所、6所，共12所學校，施測對象以各校各年級隨機抽取二班，有效樣本學生數共為1763人的資料進行分析。研究採用問卷調查法，研究工具為參考相關文獻後自編的問卷，內容包括學生基本資料、飲食型態、飲食知識、飲食態度等四部分。結果顯示：（一）飲食型態：早餐選擇外食佔60%人數；早餐由爸媽準備的居多，佔一半；早餐以外購餐點居多，佔2/3；早餐以西式種類佔3/4；學生早餐外食會考慮價格，以50元以下佔一半；晚餐選擇在家用餐佔2/3；而晚餐由爸媽準備也佔2/3；晚餐選擇自製佔3/4；晚餐會考慮外食的價格，金額以51-100元最多，佔60%；會吃宵夜的學生佔74%。（二）飲食知識類：（1）學校規模愈大，學生的飲食知識愈佳。且在學生的年級別、不同性別、三代同堂、父母親的教育程度、早餐在家用餐、有爸媽幫忙準備早餐、早餐為家人自製、早餐外食會考慮價錢、早餐不同飲食費用、有爸媽幫忙準備晚餐、晚餐外食會考慮價錢及晚餐不同飲食費用等亦有同樣的結果。（2）學生的零用錢愈多，飲食知識愈不佳。（三）飲食態度類：（1）學校規模愈大，學生的飲食態度愈佳。且在學生的年級別、不同性別、父母親的教育程度、早餐在家用餐、有爸媽幫忙準備早餐、早餐為家人自製、早餐外食會考慮價錢、有爸媽幫忙準備晚餐、晚餐外食會考慮價錢及不吃宵夜等亦有同樣的結果。（2）學生的零用錢愈多，飲食態度愈不佳。（四）學生的飲食知識與飲食態度呈現顯著正相關。因此，協助並導正國中生的飲食態度，以養成良好的飲食習慣，為未來國中生的營養教育所需要努力的方向。

關鍵字

國中生；飲食型態；飲食知識；飲食態度

並列摘要

Abstract The purpose of this study was to elucidate the correlations between the breakfast and dinner eating habits, dietary knowledge, and attitudes of junior high school students in Kaohsiung City. Students studying in public junior high schools in Kaohsiung City in 2016 were selected as the sample population. First, schools were classified into three categories through cluster analysis. The categories were small, medium, and large schools. Based on the number of schools in each category, stratified random sampling was performed to select samples from each category. Four small schools, two medium schools, and six large schools were samples for a total of 12 schools. Then, two classes in each grade were randomly sampled from each of the 12 sample schools. Finally, data were collected from 1,763 valid student samples for analysis. A questionnaire survey was administered for data collection. The survey comprised a self-developed questionnaire developed by referencing extant literature. The questionnaire comprised four parts, specifically, student demographics, eating habits, dietary knowledge, and eating attitude. (1) The data concerning eating habits indicated that 60% of the students regularly ate out for breakfast; parents were responsible for preparing breakfast for half of the students; two-thirds of the students regularly ate take-out breakfast; three-quarters of the students regularly ate western-style breakfast; cost was a factor of consideration, with half of the students regularly spending NTD $50 or less on breakfast; two-thirds of the students regularly ate dinner at home; parents were responsible for preparing dinner for two-thirds of the students; three-quarters of the students regularly ate homemade dinner; cost was a factor of consideration, with 60% of the students regularly spending between NTD $51 and $100 on dinner; and 74% of the students regularly ate late night snacks. (2) The data concerning dietary knowledge indicated that (i) students’ dietary knowledge increased concurrently with the size of their school. This trend was also exhibited between students’ dietary knowledge and grade, gender, family size, parents’ education, eating breakfast at home, breakfast prepared by parents, breakfast prepared at home, cost of eating out for breakfast, dinner prepared by parents, cost of eating out for dinner, and different dinner costs. (ii) Students’ dietary knowledge decreased concurrently with an increase in allowance. (3) The data concerning eating attitude indicated that (i) students’ eating attitude increased concurrently with the size of their school. This trend was also exhibited between students’ eating attitude and grade, gender, parents’ education, eating breakfast at home, breakfast prepared by parents, breakfast prepared at home, cost of eating out for breakfast, dinner prepared by parents, cost of eating out for dinner, and habit of eating late night snacks. (ii) Students’ dietary knowledge decreased concurrently with an increase in allowance. (4) Students’ dietary knowledge was significantly and positively correlated to their eating attitude. Therefore, correcting junior high school students’ eating attitude and fostering positive eating habits are key aspects of nutrition education that should be realized in junior high schools.