多邊貿易體制下解決貿易與環境爭端之研究

經濟全球化的時代來臨，使得國際貿易不斷加深卻也導致貿易爭端日益增多，進而影響資源和環境問題的產生，因此，貿易與環境問題已經是全球關注的焦點。為了保護地球環境、確保人類生活品質，「永續發展」成為人類社會的共識，也是WTO宗旨之一，運用WTO貿易政策與措施來保護環境形成一種常態，世界貿易組織的成立已成為了當今最具活力和影響力的國際組織之一，更揭開了在多邊貿易體制內協調貿易與環境問題的重要里程碑。在多邊貿易體制下貿易與環境爭端解決過程中，涉案方的所有決策問題幾乎都可以用賽局理論的觀點與模型加以分析和解釋，甚至整個貿易與環境爭端解決程序完全可以被當作一個多階段的動態賽局過程。因此，本文在借鏡國內外學者研究成果的基礎上建立簡單的賽局模型，運用賽局理論對多邊貿易體制下貿易與環境爭端解決機制的有關問題進行嘗試性分析，並以個案加以評析，經本研究結果顯示，貿易與環境爭端雙方做出的任何決策都是在「成本─收益」分析基礎上做出的，每一方都對已經掌握的資訊進行甄選、篩選，對種種選擇根據其效用價值大小進行排序，在此基礎上做出對自己最有利的決策，最後提出我國利用WTO爭端解決機制的對策，以供有關單位參考。

關鍵字

多邊貿易體制；貿易與環境；爭端解決

並列摘要

With the deepening of international trade following globalization of world’s economy, resources and environmental issues caused by increasing trade-related disputes are becoming the focal point of the world community. It is the consensus of all humanity and one of the WTO’s missions that sustainable development requires constant protection of global environment and insurance of human living quality. As WTO’s international policy and measures have become a norm in protecting our environment, the organization itself has been regarded as the most dynamic and influential international institutions. It exemplifies an important milestone of using coordination as a means for solving multilateral trading and environmental issues. Almost all of the decision-making problems in the disputes settlement process of multilateral trade system can be analyzed and explained by game theory (John von Neumann & Oskar Morgenstern), and even fit into the theory as a dynamic multi-stage process. Based on various domestic and foreign reports, the study attempts to build a simply game model, and by applying game theory, an experimental analysis is conducted on the dispute settlement mechanism of multilateral trade and environment issues. Then, use case conducting analysis. Results of the study show that both parties involving in trading or environmental disputes tend to make decision based on the cost–profits principle: screening and selecting collected data, sequencing the selected data in order of values, making the most favorable decision. Finally, the study will propose countermeasures in dealing with WTO’s disputes settlement mechanism for related government bodies involving in the decision-making process.