經濟弱勢家庭接受社會福利對家庭壓力減輕及自立信心評估

近年來臺灣低收入戶人數佔總人數比率有逐年上升的趨勢，加上臺灣經濟發展遲緩、失業人口逐年增加，造成經濟弱勢家庭越來越多。因此，近貧與新貧的邊緣家庭值得我們關注與了解。本研究旨在探討不同背景之經濟弱勢家庭，接受政府社會福利後對家庭壓力減輕狀況及自立信心評估之關係。本研究採用自製的量化問卷調查法，以設籍並實際居住臺中市南屯區，未滿18歲兒童及少年之經濟弱勢家庭的家長為主要採訪母體，並配合敘述性統計與迴歸分析，實證檢驗經濟弱勢家庭接受社會福利後，對其家庭壓力減輕及自立信心評估的影響。實證結果顯示：所得愈高者，在經濟弱勢家庭接受社會福利後，經濟壓力、子女教養及照顧壓力、社會人際關係適應壓力等各方面顯著的未見減輕；受政府補助時間越長，個人情緒調適及親職角色適應壓力顯著獲得改善。因此，本研究認為：家庭平均月收入對經濟壓力、子女教養及照顧壓力、社會人際關係適應壓力等各方面都產生顯著影響。所以，政府的補助可能是現金補助優於實物補貼。

關鍵字

經濟弱勢；社會福利；家庭壓力；自立信心

並列摘要

The trend of the proportions of low-income households was gradually increased in the recent years in Taiwan. In addition, the problems of slowly economic development and unemployment increasing let the number of economically disadvantaged families are increased in Taiwan. Therefore, the issues of the near poor and new poor families become popular and let us pay more attention to concern and solve this problem. The purpose of this study is to investigate the self-assessment of independent confidence and relaxation of family stress among the economically disadvantaged families with receiving social benefits. The questionnaires are designed as Appendix. Total sample has 276 observations, including 71 men and 205 women, who belong to the economically disadvantaged families with chidred under 18 years old and live in Nantun District, Taichung City. The methods include the descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The empirical results show that: For people with higher earnings, the factors of economic stress, children’s education and caring stress, and social relationship or social network did not significantly relax the pressure among the economically disadvantaged families with receiving social benefits. In contrast, the factors of longer period of subsidies, personal emotional management , and parents’ position have a significant effect to relax the stress among the economically disadvantaged families with receiving social benefits. Finally, this study suggests that the average monthly household income have a significant impact on economic stress, children’s education and caring stress, and social relationship. In particular, people prefer to have the cash subsidies better than the physical subside from the govermment.