設施農業微波熱處理消毒機設計研究-以防治土壤傳播性病害為例

土壤傳播性病害是農業耕作必須面對的問題，在如何維持農產品質的前提下，受到關注的議題，設施農業變因應而生。以設施農業的栽培方式來防範氣候變化、天災與病蟲害，並透過自動化有效管理適合作物生長的環境。現代農業大多以農藥等化學添加物，來抵抗與抑制各種病蟲害。除了藥效容易被土壤顆粒吸收，若缺乏管理與不當使用，必對土壤造成永久性的傷害，也間接威脅到其他生物，如蜜蜂的生存環境…等，蜜蜂的減少更影響植物授粉的機會。如此，惡性循環下對生物與環境造成威脅、災難歸於人禍的因素影響。本研究預期目標，將現有微波爐改裝成可移動式之四輪載具，並紀錄微波機的速度與瓦數在土壤進行微波消毒時，所測量得知的受熱處理過程。將土壤深度以及溫度透過數據比對，土壤蟲菌害隨溫度之上升消滅程度，期許能將微波技術導入農業土地管理的防治作業處理。本研究文獻案例分析，以1946 年美國雷神公司 ( Raytheon ) 雷達工程師Percy Spencer，在測試產生微波的「磁控管」時，意外發現口袋中的糖果溶解，推測微波中具有加熱功能，進而導致微波爐的發明。本研究案例分析，以微波加熱土壤之範例，利用能量直接導入的技術。對「培養基」進行殺菌消毒，對於燃燒效應或構成物分解的顧慮影響，所省下空間及時間與能源目的，達到無菌且一貫化的作業生產線。本研究實驗分析以實驗法之科學性研究方法。起始於1920 年，由數學家Ronald Fisher 所創。實驗方法為一種測試假設，而在控制環境下操作變數的學術研究。以此視為本研究所需進行斟酌運用之方法。經本研究證實，所得結論說明如下：結論一、為了減少農藥對土壤環境的危害影響，本研究經實驗證明因土壤經由微波2~3 分鐘，可使土壤表土下10 公分達到溫度攝氏50~55 度時，由本研究證實此溫度可殺除病原菌及線蟲族群。達到針對病蟲害可用熱處理特性加熱來解決影響。結論二、以微波熱處理的瓦數所達溫度高低影響，本研究經實驗證明，增加土壤的相對濕度，可以達到提升微波熱處理對土壤的溫度影響。結論三、經實驗後得知，使土壤維持高溫時間可達殺菌的效果，微波後可配合蒸氣噴霧和土硅成形的後製作業影響。

關鍵字

微波機；設施農業；土壤傳播性病害；微波熱處理消毒；物理消毒法

並列摘要

Soil-borne diseases is a problem farming must face. To maintain agricultural products under the premise of quality, agricultural facilities start being applied. In cultivation of agricultural facilities to guard against climate change, natural disasters and pests, and effectively manage the environment for crop growth through automation. Modern agriculture mostly uses pesticides and other chemical additives to resist and suppress a variety of pests and diseases. In addition to the efficacy of being easily absorbed by soil particles, if it fail to be managed and used properly, it would not only cause permanent damage to the soil but also indirectly threaten other creatures such as bees living environment. The deduction of bees has an impact on the opportunities for bees to pollinate plants. Therefore, a vicious cycle poses a threat to biology and environment. Actually we may attribute the disasters to man-made factors. The target of this research is to convert a conversational microwave oven into a movable one and to record the speed and wattage microwave machine at the time of microwave soil sterilization that measured by the heat treatment process. After comparing soil depth with temperature through the data, soil insects harmful bacteria with rising temperature of the elimination of levels. We expect to apply microwave technology in the prevention of job processing of agricultural land management. This study literature case study in 1946, Raytheon Company (Raytheon) radar engineer Percy Spencer, the test generating microwaves 'magnetron', the unexpected discovery pocket candy dissolved, presumably wave having a heating function, leading to the invention of the microwave oven. In this study, case studies, examples of microwave heating of the soil, using the energy directly into the technology. Of "medium" for disinfection, for the effects of combustion or decomposition of the constitution concerns the impact, which save space and time and energy purposes, sterile and achieve consistent operation of the production line. In this study, experimental analysis of the scientific research methods of experiment. Starting in 1920, created by the mathematician Ronald Fisher. As an experimental method which operates under the control of the academic research environment variables to test the hypothesis. As deemed appropriateness, the use of methods necessary for the performance of this study. Confirmed by this study that the conclusions are as follows: Conclusions first, In order to reduce the harm effects of pesticides on soil environment, the present study the experiment proved that due to the soil via microwave for 2 to 3 minutes, can lower soil depths of 10 cm reached a temperature of Celsius 50 to 55 degrees, by the present study demonstrated that temperature can kill In addition to pathogens and nematode populations. Use the heat treatments characteristics for reaching and solving the impact of pet disaster. Conclusion second, the wattage of the microwave heat treatment temperature level of influence, the experiment proved that the present study, increasing the relative humidity of the soil, can reach temperature microwave heat treatment to enhance the soil. Conclusion third, after the experiment that, to maintain the soil temperature time up sterilization effect, can be used with spray and soil vapor after forming of silicon production industry microwave.