職場男性吸菸員工戒菸行為之相關因素探討-以中部50家工廠為例

To Explore Factors Affecting on Ever Quit-smoking Behavior Among Male Smoking Employees : 50 Workplaces in Central Taiwan as an Example

吳毓銘(Wu Yu-Ming)

指導教授 ： 張明正 ； 邱政元

亞洲大學/健康學院/健康產業管理學系健康管理組/碩士(2004年)

摘要

本研究目的為探討哪些因素與職場男性吸菸員工是否曾經戒菸有關、了解職場男性吸菸員工對菸害認知及個人態度，並比較不曾戒菸和曾經戒菸者的差異、探討跨理論模式之行為改變階段及尼古丁依賴度與職場男性吸菸員工是否曾經戒菸的關連性、以及探討職場禁菸政策是否能幫助職場男性吸菸員工嘗試戒菸。本研究為次級資料分析，利用行政院衛生署國民健康局委託弘光科技大學、工研院環安中心與光田綜合醫院，共同成立「職場菸害防制輔導中心」，針對台灣中部50家職場吸菸員工進行菸害現況之調查研究。
本研究結果發現職場男性吸菸員工是否曾經戒菸會隨著個人特質，如籍貫、及年齡之不同而有所差異。職場男性吸菸員工對菸害認知、吸菸態度得分與是否曾經戒菸有差異。職場禁菸政策與職場男性吸菸員工是否曾經戒菸無關。處於準備期的職場男性吸菸員工曾經戒菸的可能性最高。職場男性吸菸員工尼古丁依賴度與其是否曾經戒菸有差異。影響職場男性吸菸員工是否曾經戒菸的預測因素有籍貫、年齡、職場禁菸態度、行為改變階段、及尼古丁依賴度。
本研究建議立法機關應當考量職場禁菸所帶來的效益，制定職場禁菸的相關政策，並發展尼古丁依賴度檢測量表，以促進全體國民之健康。並在落實菸害防制政策之前，應先針對企業主管進行教育輔導，以收事半功倍之效。而企業主管可配合政府的職場菸害防制計畫，先對職場員工進行尼古丁濃度檢測，瞭解自己員工的吸菸行為及尼古丁依賴程度，再針對尼古丁依賴程度不同的員工，進行不同的輔導方式。至於吸菸員工可嘗試減少交際應酬並學習如何婉拒他人敬菸的方法，以減少吸菸的誘因，並積極參加職場所舉辦的戒菸活動，以增加吸菸者接觸有關戒菸訊息的機會。建議後續研究者可以不同年齡層、不同籍貫、及不同行業的職場吸菸員工為研究對象，深入探討職場吸菸員工的戒菸動機、健康信念、及自我效能，或是環境因素對其戒菸行為的影響為何。使職場菸害防制工作的方向能更為明確。

關鍵字

職場禁菸政策 ； 尼古丁依賴度 ； 行為改變階段 ； 是否曾經戒菸

並列摘要

This study, investigating the current status of tobacco damages done to the smoking employees of fifty(50) workplaces in central Taiwan, was conducted by the “Consultation Center of Tobacco Damage Control in Workplaces” jointly formed by the Hungkuang University, the Environmental, Safety and Health Technology Development Center and the Kuang Tien General Hospital entrusted by the Bureau of Health Promotion, National Health Commission. It was intended to understand how the male smoker-employees in workplaces looked at the tobacco damages and what were their individual attitudes. What were the factors that had anything to do with ever quit-smoking male employees in workplaces? Could non-smoking policy in workplaces help the male smoker-employees try to quit smoking? And, was there any connection among stages of change, FTND(the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) and the ever quit-smoking male employees in workplaces?
Consequently, variances were found according to personal characteristics whether they were ever quitters among the male smoking employees in workplaces. There were differences in the awareness of tobacco damages, score given to smoking attitude and whether they had previously quit among the male smoking employees in workplaces. The policy of non-smoking workplace or otherwise did not affect the male smoking employees in workplaces whether they had ever quit or not. The workplace male smokers had a gradually increased ratio among those ever quit-smokers when they were passing by the stages of pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation. Among them, the male smokers at the stage of preparation might rank the highest ever quit-smoking number. The male ever quit-smokers in workplaces varied in nicotine dependence. The predictive elements that influenced the workplace male smoker-employees whether they had given up smoking before or not were domicile origin, age, workplace non-smoking attitude, stage of changes and nicotine dependence.
This study suggests that the legislature should have passed the policy concerned to outlaw smoking comprehensively in consideration of the health right and interest of primary non-smoking workers and the effect taken in non-smoking workplaces to promote the overall national health. Moreover, the education of and counseling on business executives should be proceeded prior to the execution of tobacco damages preventive policy for much greater renders with less efforts. Besides, domestic researches of tobacco prevention had locked on youths and teenagers mostly but comparatively less, on workplace personnel. In fact, it is not only necessary to enforce an overall non-smoking policy on campus and surroundings to protect the youths and teenagers from the threatening tobacco damages, the relevant measures are likewise needed in order to safeguard the right of non-smokers to reject the tobacco fume. It is recommended that the follow-up researchers may explore the quitting motives of smoker-employees to clarify more specifically the way protecting the workplaces from tobacco damages.

並列關鍵字

Non-smoking policy in workplaces ； FTND ； Stages of change ； Ever quit-smoking

參考文獻

7. 何邦立、林淑慈、彭志常（1995）。國際線班機航空旅客禁菸之研究。航空醫學會會刊，9（2），37-42。

9. 吳德敏、申慕寒、孫建安、楊燦、祝年豐（2003）。菸害防制在職場衛生保健之重要性及可行性：以美軍經驗為例。中華職業醫學雜誌，10（1），1-11。

12. 李蘭、潘怜燕（2000）。台灣地區成年人之吸菸率與吸菸行為：八十八年度之全國性調查。中華衛誌，19，423-436。

13. 李蘭、潘怜燕、晏涵文、李隆安(1994)。臺灣地區成年人之吸菸現況：盛行率及危險因子。中華衛誌，13(5)，371-79。

30. 潘怜燕、李蘭（1999）。台灣地區成年人吸菸盛行率及其與教育和職業之關係：菸害防制法實施前的狀況（1993∼1996）。中華衛誌，18（3），199-208。