性別區隔職業下自我及同事評估之性別效應

Gender Effects on Self-and Peer Ratings in Sex Segregation Occupations

蔡敦崇(Tun-Chung Tsai) ； 謝安田(An-Tien Hsieh)

《文大商管學報》 6卷1期 (2001/06) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.30163/BR.200106.0001

摘要

績效評估的性別效果，係指評估會因性別的影響而有寬大或低貶的結果呈現，而被認爲可能會影響評估的正確性。性別對績效評估的影響可從幾方面考慮：進行評估者的性別、被評估者的性別、與不同性別個人如何評估自我績效。近來許多研究都關注在自我評估，因為自我評估可用以作為確認其他評估程序的標凖。但謻證據顯示自我評估比其他評估顯得寬大(lenient)。許多研究亦發現男性比女性在工作中有微妙的偏差存在之證據。此外，現在研究顯示同事評估呈現可接受的信度與平均預測的效度。進行自我與同事評估比較，可更清楚的發現影響評估的性別效果。許多研究也顯示性別效果亦可能存在於性別區隔職業中。本研究調查不同性別區隔職業的自我－與同事評估的性別效果；263對自我與同事參與調查。結果顯示自我評估低於同事評估，此與大多數過去研究所發現自我評估有較寬大的現象不一致，性別也不影響自我與同事評估間關係，此亦與文獻所指性別區隔職業基模的刻板印象不一致。涵義（特別是從相對文化上的解釋）被討論，本研究的限制與未來研究也予以討論。

關鍵字

自我評估 ； 同事評估 ； 性別效果 ； 性別區隔職業

並列摘要

Gender is recognized as a factor that may affect the accuracy of performance appraisals. Gender effects can be considered from several aspects: gender of the raters, gender of ratees, and raters' gender differences in their self-ratings. In recent years, the self-rating has attracted considerable attentions. Results of self-ratings can serve as criteria to validate other assessment procedures, however, they are typically more lenient (i.e. higher) than ratings from other parties. Some studies have found evidence of possible subtle gender bias. Gender effects may highly occur in sex segregated occupations. Researches showed peer ratings exhibit acceptable reliabilities and are more accurate. In this paper we conduct a study on self- and peer rating pairs to clarify gender effects on performance appraisals. We investigated gender effects on self and peer ratings in sex segregated occupations. 263 self- and peer rating dyads participated the study. Results showed that self-ratings were lower than their peers' ratings. This is inconsistent with most literature's results, where self-ratings were considered to be more lenient. Also, the gender seems do not affect the relationship between self and peer ratings. This also indicates an inconsistency with stereotypes of the sex segregated occupation schema implied in literature. Implications, especially from cultural relativity explanations, were discussed. Limitations and future researches were discussed as well.

並列關鍵字

self-ratings ； peer ratings ； gender effects ； sex segregation occupation