運動員屬性對運動自信心來源的影響

本研究目的是在探討運動員屬性對運動自信心來源的影響，運動員屬性包括不同性別、技術水凖和運動項目。研究的對象是802位大學運動員，在一般情境中填寫基本背景資料以及運動員自信心來源量表。結果發現在性別差異方面，男性運動員比較傾向於使用社會支持力量、技術知覺和過去經驗當作自信心的訊息來源；而比較高水凖的運動員則是傾向於利用自我參照的訊息，包括生理凖備；團體項目運動員比較會使用同儕的支持和替代經驗當作自信心訊自來源，個別項別運動員都是以自我參照和社會比較的訊息爲主，包括生理凖備、自我呈現和過去經驗。基本上不同屬性運動員所參照的運動自信心來源不同，適度符合Vealey(1998)運動自信心模式的說法。另外以結構方程式模式來檢驗運動員屬性對運動自信心來源的影響，發現運動員屬性對運動自信心來源沒有顯著影響，可能跟測量指標的選擇有關。整體而言，運動員屬性對運動自信心來源的影響很薄弱，如何選擇代表運動員屬性的適當測量指標，需要再進一步的探討。

關鍵字

運動自信心；結構方程式模式

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of athletes' attributes (i.e. competitive level, sport type, and gender) on sources of sport confidence. Eight hundred and two college athletes from Taiwan participated in this study with the instrument of Sources of Confidence Inventory for Athletes. The discriminant analysis indicated that there were significant differences between sources of sport confidence based on gender, competitive level, and sport type. In addition, male athletes perceived social support, technical perception, and past experience as sources of sport confidence to be more important than female athletes. Moreover, elite athletes considered physical preparation as an important source of sport confidence comparing to non-elite athletes. For non-elite athletes, coach leadership considered as an important source of confidence comparing to elite athletes. Players of individual sport utilized physical preparation, self-presentation, and past experience as confidence sources more so than those of team sport. On the other hand, the players of team sport focused on vicarious experience and social support as more important sources of confidence than individual-sport players. Using the structural equation modeling, the result indicated that there was no direct effect of the latent exogenous variable, athletes' attributes, on the latent endogenous variable, sources of sport confidence.