由歷史地圖來考察臺灣的環境觀~以清朝、日據、民國為主

本文為延續先前研究之論述，在前一論述中發現文史上並沒有確實記述明朝以前的臺灣，即使有的話也多屬於一種模糊的、猜測的言論，更勿枉論對其內部環境的認知；而且經由本研究藉由同時期的文獻記述與國家地圖進行比對後發現，兩者的表述結果不一。於此希望繼續由清朝之後的調查分析，能夠詳實地將曾經耕耘過臺灣這片土地的族群，在臺灣時期的目的及對環境的了解與期望予以呈現。本文首先針對地圖的繪製手法進行論述，繪製手法不僅隨著科技而有所進步，對地形地貌的掌握更加詳實。在各朝代的地圖形式分析中，以清朝的康熙、乾隆時期的臺灣輿圖，日據的臺灣堡圖和鳥瞰圖，民國的軍民用地圖為視覺符號的分析依據，並由此予以測論各時期的環境觀。

關鍵字

歷史地圖；環境設計；文化觀

並列摘要

This research paper is to extend the discussion of the research made in the past. In the previous discussion it was found that there was no clear description on Taiwan before Ming Dynasty in literature or history. Even it there was, it belongs to an expression of vague and guessed opinion, not to mention the cognition of its internal environment. Through this research, and the literature of the same period and the comparison with the national map, it is found that the description is different from the old one. In view of this, it is hoped that the investigational analysis made after Ching Dynasty can continue to give a detailed presentation of the purposes of the clans cultivation and contribution to the piece of land of Taiwan, and their understanding and expectation towards the environment of Taiwan. First of all, the research paper makes some discussions on the drawing of map. The drawing of map not only has improved with technology, but also has more detailed facts of topography and landform. Among the various types of map analyses in different dynasties, the rough maps made in the regimes of Kanghsi and Chienlung in Ching Dynasty, the castle map and bird’s-eye view made in the Japanese occupation period, and the map for military and public use in the period of the Republic of China are the analytic reference for analyses of visual symbols, from which the environmental concepts at different periods can be estimated.