台灣某高中與專科學校青少年自評家庭功能狀況：十年變化的比較

Self-Reporting Family Function in Adolescents in a High School and College: Changes in Ten Years

賴和鴻(Ho-Hung Lai) ； 黃麗卿(Lee-Ching Hwang)

《台灣家庭醫學雜誌》 13卷3期 (2003/09) Pp. 130-137

https://doi.org/10.7023/TJFM.200309.0130

摘要

社會環境改變衝擊家庭，影響家庭成員的互動，尤其身心遽變的青少年階段，青少年問題如身心疾患、行為偏差增加；欲探討近十年來，青少年自覺家庭功能改變狀況，本研究設計兩次橫斷式相距十年的調查（1992年與2002年），由受訪之青少年自填家庭功能APGAR問卷，資料分析這十年來家庭功能APGAR得分是否有所改變，並探討影響的相關因素；參與本研究之青少年為台灣北部某高中與某專科學校15至19歲，兩次調查共2,321人。結果發現相距十年，青少年所處之家庭型態與其家長之社會經濟階層並無差異，但是自評家庭功能APGAR得分明顯下降，總得分下降達27.4%，5個重要成分：適應度、夥伴度、成長度、情感度、親密度，每成分的平均得分在2002年皆較十年前顯著降低，其中尤其是家庭親密度的得分由平均1.5降為0.7，減少50.2%最為明顯；十年來，青少年自評的家庭功能指數屬重度家庭功能不良者由12.6%增加至37.9%。影響家庭功能的因素在單變項分析中，在1992年家庭型態與社會經濟階層顯著影響家庭功能分組，而在2002年僅社會經濟階層顯著影響。多變項分析控制家庭型態和社會經濟階層後，年份別仍為顯著影響因素，原因值得持續探討與追蹤，有助加強關注青少年醫學的服務。

並列摘要

A changing social environment has an impact on the family, as it affects interaction between family members, in particular when dealing with sudden psycho-physiological changes in adolescents. Problems of adolescents are often similar to those of people with psycho-physiological problems, and there is generally an increase in deviant behavior. We therefore performed a study over a period of ten years, in which adolescents had to indicate changes in family function. For this study two cross-sectional surveys were performed with a lapse of 10 years in between(1992 and 2002).The surveys included interviewing adolescent subjects and asking them to fill out a Family APGAR Questionnaire. Data analysis would prove whether or not there was a change in APGAR scores in the past ten years, and what factors contributed to this potential change. Subjects consisted of vocational high school students from Northern Taiwan, with ages between 15 and 19. The total number of subjects for both surveys was 2,321. The study found that in the ten-year period there was no difference in adolescents’ family structure nor in social and economic status of the head of the family. However, a significant decrease was noted in scores of the self-evaluative Family APGAR; the total score decreased by 27.4%. The questionnaire consisted of five main items, namely adaptability, parthership, growth, affection and resolve. The mean score for each item was significantly lower in 2002 than ten years earlier. The most obvious drop(50.2%)was seen for family resolve, the mean score for which dropped from 1.5 to 0.7. Adolescents who rated their family function as severely dysfunctional accounted for 37.9%, an increase from 12.6% ten years earlier. In accordance with univariate analysis, the main factors that influenced family function were family structure and social and economic status in 1992, while in 2002 only social and economic status seemed to be a significant factor. In accordance with multivariate analysis and after control of family structure and social and economic status, the subject’s year of birth was found to be the main factor that significantly affected family function. More continuous study and tracking is required to explore the reasons for these changes, which would then assist in enhancing the focus of attention on the medical services provided to adolescents.

並列關鍵字

adolescent ； family function ； family APGAR

參考文獻

行政院內政部(2001)。中華民國九十年臺閩地區國民生活狀況調查報告。台北:行政院內政部。

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