The Impacts of Taiwan Group Counselor's Family-of-Origin Experiences and Training Levels on Countertransference Reaction

原生家庭經驗與訓練層級對台灣地區團體諮商員反移情現象的影響研究

張景然(Ching-Jan Chang)

《彰化師大輔導學報》 21期 (2000/06) Pp. 37-61

https://doi.org/10.7040/GJ.200006.0037

摘要

本研究主要目的在探討諮商員受團體成員引發而產生的反移情現象，以及諮商員的原生家庭經驗和訓練層級等因素對反移情的影響。作者修訂並使用「諮商師對當事人情緒態度自評表」（Emotional Attitudes to Client by Therapist Scale）和「原生家庭量表」（Family-of-Origin Scale）。
本研究採用變異數分析（ANOVA）、多變項變異數分析（MANOVA）、及夕變項迴歸分析（multiple regression analysis）等統計方法分析收集到的資料。主要的發現如下：（1）初級諮商員明顯比進階諮商員體驗到較多的反移情現象；（2）初級諮商員與進階諮商員與進階諮商員感受到的早年家庭經驗相似，唯在「接納失落感」（acceptanceof loss）這項因素分析上，進階諮商員明顯比初級諮商員有較好的家庭經驗；（3）對全體諮商員而言，感受到原生家庭經驗的好壞與經歷到多少反移情現象沒有顯著關係；（4）反移情反應明顯受到訓練層級的影響；原生家庭量表的四個因素和團體諮商經驗的時數多寡均可用以預測反移情現象，在統計上家人的「信任程度」（trust）這因素是反方向預測反移情現象的最佳指標。
上述的研究結果有助於諮商員訓練者、研究者、和諮商員本身思考反移情現象與原生家庭背景對諮商工作的影響。作者建議未來可以針對諮商員的反移情現象作進一步的研究，例如發展適用於個別諮商情境反移情評量工具，以及在諮商員訓練與督導過程中如何處理反移情經驗等。

關鍵字

諮商員 ； 反移情 ； 文化差異 ； 原生家庭 ； 團體諮商 ； 訓練層級

並列摘要

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate group counselors’ counter transference reactions toward their clients who provoked the counselors’ strong emotions in a counseling group and the related factors as family-of-origin experience and training level in Taiwan. Using the Ratings of Emtional Attitudes to Client by Therapist Scale (REACT) and the Family-of-Origin Scale (FOS), 73 group counselors in Taiwan reported their counter transference and family-of-origin experiences in this study. The factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha (, and split-half correlation revealed overall acceptable validity and high reliability of the Chinese version of the REACT and FOS.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and multiple regression analysis were applied to the data collection. The major findings were as follows: (a) novice counselors reported significantly stronger counter transference feelings than the experienced counselors; (b)novice counselors perceived early family experiences similarly to experienced counselors, however, on the “acceptance of loss” factor the experienced counselors reported better family experiences than did novice counselors; (c) counselors who perceived better or worse family-of-origin experiences did not have did not have different counter transference experiences in group counseling; and (d) counter transference scores were significantly affected by training level; the four FOS factor and hours of counseling experience did make a contribution to the prediction of the REACT scores, but the contribution was not unique. Factor IV (trust) of the FOS was the only predictor at the significance level of .05 on countertransference reaction.
These findings may be useful for counselor educators, counseling researchers, and counselors to emphasize the counter transference phenomenon and family background in counseling. Recommendations were provided fro future studies which would be important in developing instruments for assessing counter transference as well as improving counselor education and supervision programs in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Counselor ； Counter transference ； Cultural difference ； Family-of-origin ； Group counseling ； Training level