目標取向與動機氣候對大學排球選手心理資本的預測

The Prediction of Goal Orientation and Motivational Climate on Psychological Capital in College Volleyball Players

劉榮聰(Ronq-Tsonq Liu) ； 王清欉(Chinq-Tsunq Wanq) ； 鄭虎(Hu Chenq)

《藝術學報》 95期 (2014/10) Pp. 277-293

摘要

目的：探討大學排球選手目標取向、知覺動機氣候對心理資本的預測力。方法：以參加2012年大專校院排球聯賽公開一級22隊的306名選手（男178名、女128名，平均年齡20.57±2.07歲）為研究對象，於非比賽情境填寫「2×2運動成就目標量表」、「運動動機氣候量表」、和「運動心理資本量表」；資料以獨立樣本t考驗和多元同時迴歸進行分析。結果：高球齡選手在樂觀、恢復力構面顯著高於低球齡的選手；精熟及表現越近目標取向與知覺工作取向動機氣候對於心理資本之自我效能、樂觀、復原力、希望等都具有正向預測力；精熟－逃避目標取向對樂觀、復原力、希望則是有負向預測力。結論：塑造積極追求表現和精熟的目標取向，以及鼓勵支持進步的動機氣候，會有助於運動員發展個人的心理資本，教練應該儘量管造較具支持性的環境，以利運動員培養正向的心理素質。

關鍵字

心理技能 ； 運動動機 ； 正向心理學

並列摘要

Purpose: To examine the predictive effect of goal orientation and motivational climate on psychological capital of college volleyball players. Method: Three hundred and six volleyball players from 22 teams, which competed at the Division I level during the 2012 sea on, were recruited to complete a battery of questionnaires in a group setting to measure goal orientation, motivational climate, and psychological capital. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by the independent t-test and multiple regression analyses. Results: The major finding were as follows: (1) Players with longer competition experience demonstrated better optimism and resilience than those with shorter competition experience. (2) Mastery- and performance- approach goal orientations, and task motivational climate might positively predict psychological capital including self-efficacy, optimism, resilience, and hope, whereas mastery-avoidance goal orientation might negatively predict psychological capital. Conclusion: The findings suggest that coaches should encourage athletes to positively pursue improvement and to demonstrate high competence, and should create task-oriented motivational climate, which would enhance the development of psychological capital for athletes.

並列關鍵字

psychological skills ； sport motivation ； positive psychology

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