性別與國民身分－台灣女性主義法律史的考察

本文從女性主義的觀點出發，探究在台灣法的歷史形構中，有關國民身分的法律規制如何影響了女人與國家的關係：在法律具有強制力的規範「誰」是國民？「誰」訂以成爲國民？在此區隔本國人與外國人的界定中，性別扮演了何種角色？而跨國或跨種族族群的親密關係，又如何影響了國民身分的認定？性別化的排除與接納過程如何強化了從夫與從父的性別規範，從而形成了在國家成員界限劃定上的性別不平等關係？文首先分析國籍的劃界作用、以及國籍法中性別歧視的型態，其次探究在日本殖民統治之下國籍法中的性別歧視，以及跨種族族群親密關係中，國民身分屬性的認定所展現的性別與殖民關係的糾纏交錯。接著探討在終的國家界限變動下，國籍認定的性別政治如何在「排日容華」的原則下實踐了女性國籍的從屬性，以及戰後有關國民身分的法律規範中所呈現的性別不平等關係。最後，則分析千禧年的法律改革，討論性別宰制的型態逐漸由「身分位置」的規制朝向「自願選擇」的轉化過程，並試圖提出可能的改革思考方向。

關鍵字

法律史；女性主義法律史；性別史；女性主義法學；國籍；公民身分；種族／族群；殖民主義；後殖民；跨國婚姻；母職

並列摘要

The relationship between women and the nation is a highly contested terrain in the setting of Taiwan where its history of colonization and racial/ethnic relationship has together produced extremely complicated national politics This paper examines the ways in which women are related to the nation in Taiwan from a rather different perspective by discussing the legal mechanism that affiliates-and disaffiliates-women with the nation, that is the legal regulation of nationality The law plays a critical role in the construction of community boundaries as well as the status of a member within a community It from an institutional perspective, determines who will be admitted to the community and who will be excluded, and designates the entitlements and responsibilities attached to membership Namely, it involves in the imagination of selfness and otherness as well as relationships between members and the nation in a coercive fashion. Legal regulation on women and nationality often operates to produce and facilitate gender inequality My investigation into the subject of gender and nationality in Taiwan reveals through historical lenses the ways in which law constructs national membership along gendered lines that discriminate against women, that is, how a woman's membership to the nation was dependent on her marital status, and how citizen-mothers were deprived of the entitlement to define the nation. Part Ⅰ explains how the law of nationality functions to shape gendered borders. Part Ⅱ offers an investigation of various forms of gender inequality in nationality laws that existed during the Japanese colonial period (1895-1945). Both the legacy of this inequality and new forms of discrimination in the legal regulation of women and national community membership under the KMT regime (1945-2000) are discussed in Part Ⅲ. Part Ⅳ begins with a critical examination of recent legal reforms since 2000 that have rewritten women's overall relationship with the nation in a gender-neutral fashion, and ends with a critique of this reshaping of women's national membership.

並列關鍵字

feminist legal history ； feminist jurisprudence ； gender history ； Taiwanese legal history ； nationality ； citizenship ； race/ethnicity ； colonialism ； postcolonial ； transnational marriage ； motherhood