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由防止危害到危險預防:由德國警察任務與權限之嬗變檢討我國之警察法制

From Deterrence of Danger to Prevention of Danger

摘要


德國警察法,傳統上係以「危害防止」為其任務及職權賦予之核心,但隨這國際恐怖攻擊行動的遽增,現代警察任務及職權,正逐步擴大及於「危險預防」,此由警察大量享有資訊蒐集權限立法,可茲證明。「危害防止」的「危害」是一個具體迫在眉睫的危險;而「危險預防」的「危險」,可能僅僅是一種潛在性的、推測性的危險,其間差異甚大。此外,德國警察法學亦受聯邦制改革、歐盟化、民營化及社區化的影響甚大,所以法學研究及判例見解,均朝向有效限縮警察權限之發動,以促成人民自由與安全的平衡。最後本論文針對我國警察法制的演變,諸如:任意盤問權、架設監視器、線上追緝、跟監與線民、按指紋案及其他權限進行逐項檢討,希望提高警察法的規範力量,避免警察權限之急遽擴大,而造成人民自由權利的不平衡受限。

並列摘要


German Police Law has traditionally put its focus on ”deterrence of danger.” As international terrorist attacks increase, modern duty and power of police has expand to ”prevention of danger,” evident from legislation on the power of information gathering by the police. The idea of ”Danger” between ”deterrence of danger” and ”prevention of danger” is distinctly different in the ways that the former means dangers that are ”clear and present” while the latter means dangers that are merely ”latent and prospective.” Additionally, German Police Law has been influenced by the reforms on federalism, Europeanization, privatization, and become community based, leading legal researches and court decisions to opinions on effectively narrowing such police power to strike a balance between individual freedoms and public safety. Finally, this thesis aims on the transformation of Taiwan's Police Law. Issues including duties to interrogate people at the free discretion by the police, surveillance device setup, on-line crime investigation, tailing and informants, and finger print collection cases are explored in detail, hoping to raise the normative strength of Police Law as well as preventing police power from expanding drastically and restricting individual rights in an unbalanced way.

參考文獻


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