Biphasic calcium phosphate is a good biocompatible and bone conductive synthetic bone substitute,widely used in orthopedic and dental treatments. In the dental field, it can be used in periodontal bone defect filling, tooth extraction socket alveolar bone preservation, ridge augmentation, maxillary sinus augmentation as a bone filling material. The purpose of this literature review is to introduce the main components of biphasic calcium phosphate, to discuss the clinical effectiveness of healing and histological results when used in periodontal and dental bone defects and compare the clinical effects of biphasic calcium phosphate with other bone graft materials. In recent years, studies pointed out that the biphasic calcium phosphate and other bone graft materials used to improve the effectiveness of bone defect did not differ significantly, which provides another option for synthetic bone substitute materials.(J. Family Dent. 6(2): 4-13, 2011)