外國人投資與高科技出口管制之法制研析

Legal Analysis on Foreign Investment and Export Control

杜冠穎

《科技法律透析》 31卷7期 (2019/07) Pp. 42-71

摘要

近年來，中國大陸海外投資之案件數量與規模與日俱增，且瞄準新興及關鍵技術領域，引發各國對技術外流與國家安全之擔憂。美國於2017、2018年透過《外國投資風險審查現代化法》擴張主管機關之權限，於審查時應考量外國投資是否牽涉到美國之關鍵基礎設施或技術，進而危及其國安相關之技術優勢地位，或使幕後之外國政府獲取實質控制權。歐盟亦建立「外國直接投資審查框架」，將保障國防安全與公共秩序納入考量，強化資訊共享與合作。相較之下，我國在《外國人投資條例》、《台灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例》等投資審查規範中均未特別強調「國家安全」之考量及具體內涵，政府仍須全盤性地檢視法規、與時俱進，制定得有效防止技術外流、強化國家安全之法制。

關鍵字

外國直接投資 ； 出口管制 ； 國家安全 ； 關鍵基礎設施 ； 新興科技

並列摘要

Recently, overseas investment from China has increased rapidly, in the meanwhile targeting emerging and critical technology areas. Concerning about technology leaks and national security, the United States expanded the authority of the competent authority through the ＂Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018＂. Whether foreign investment involves critical infrastructure or technology, thus jeopardize its technological leadership and national security, or enable the foreign government to gain substantial control, should all be taken into consideration during the review. European Union has also established the ＂ Framework for screening of foreign direct investments into the European Union＂ to take security and public order into consideration, as well as strengthen information sharing and cooperation. In contrast, Taiwan hasn't specifically emphasized the considerations and specific contents of ＂national security＂, either in ＂Statute For Investment By Foreign Nationals＂ or ＂Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area＂. As a result, the government still needs to modify related regulations comprehensively, so as to prevent technology outflows and strengthen national security effectively.

並列關鍵字

Foreign direct investment ； Export control ； National security ； Critical infrastructure ； Emerging technology

參考文獻

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