臺灣本土佛教經懺僧及其演法與民俗信仰的關係：以齋天和燄口儀式為例

The Relationship Between Local Taiwanese Buddhist Scripture and Litany Monks (jingchan seng 經懺僧), their Method of Performance, and Folk Beliefs: Taking the Feasting the Heavens (zhaitian 齋天) and Burning Mouth Offering (yankou 焰口) Rituals as Examples

陳省身(Shing-shen Chen)

《臺灣宗教研究》 14卷1期 (2015/06) Pp. 63-91

摘要

經懺僧又叫「瑜伽教僧」，他們在榜文首習慣提上「瑜伽三密院」。經懺僧有的是住在專門提供經懺佛事的道場，在道場念經，道場要支付單金以維持他們的生計。臺灣本土的「經懺僧」在經懺演法唱誦主要傳承自福建佛教系統的唱誦演法融合民俗信仰的相關儀式特色，較具包容性，不會排斥民俗信仰的諸神，他們會到地方「香火廟」參與祭典而且也能接受民間用牲禮葷食來當供品，這點是有別於正統佛教的做法，因此相當具有民間佛教的特性。本文主要是透過對臺灣本土齋天和燄口來探究佛教與民俗信仰交融的特色。

關鍵字

瑜伽教僧 ； 經懺僧 ； 瑜伽燄口 ； 供佛齋天 ； 民俗佛教

並列摘要

Jingchan seng are also known as ＂Yogacara Monks＂ (Yujia jiao seng瑜伽教僧) and have the habit of displaying the title ＂The Court of Yogacara's Three Secrets＂ (Yujian sanmi yuan瑜伽三密院) at the beginning of a placard. Many jingchan seng reside at the ritual area where they specialize in providing scripture recitation in Buddhist ritual matters. Because they provide this service, the patrons of the ritual area must pay them a sum of money to sustain their livelihood. The incantation performance methods of local Taiwanese jingchan seng are primarily inherited from Buddhist networks in Fujian and combine related ritual features of folk beliefs. Their methods are more inclusive and do not exclude various deities of folk beliefs. They go to ＂Incense Fire Temples＂ (xianghuo miao香火廟) to participate in sacrificial rites and can tolerate the popular use of animal sacrifice and meat as offerings, a point that is quite different from orthodox Buddhism methods; thus, to some extent they possess characteristics of Popular Buddhism (Minjian Fojiao 民間佛教). This paper, primarily through local Taiwanese Feasting the Heavens and Flaming Mouth rituals, explores characteristics of the intermingling of Buddhism and folk beliefs.

並列關鍵字

Yogacara Monks ； Scripture and Litany Monks ； Yogacara Burning Mouth Offering ； Offering to the Buddha and Feasting the Heavens ； Folk Buddhism

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