應用運動動機檢視階段改變模式對心情之影響

本研究主要目的為：一、以運動動機了解六個月階段改變歷程之改變模式；二、比較不同改變模式運動行為的差異；三、比較不同改變模式心情的差異。研究採縱贯方法进行調查，分層隨機選取中老年人232位俊，以當面發放問卷方式進行六個月兩次運動行為階段、運動行為、運動動機及心情調查，共完成評量受試者181位（平均年齡59.73±12.36歲），所得资料并以两階段集群法、区別分析及多變量單因子變異數分析。結果發现：一、健康管理、體重管理、情緒管理及社交四個動機向度會影響階段改變模式形成，存在60.30%及39.70%解釋變異量。二、健康及情緒管理形成之改變模式，比社交或體重管理形成之改變模式有較高運動行為。三、健康及情緒管理形成之改變模式，比社交或體重管理形成之改變模式有較高正面心情及較低負面心情。本研究建義：行爲改變過程應維持內在型態動機，藉由運動行為的增加，提升正面心情及並降低負面心情，行為改變之初雖可利用外在型態動機改變階段，但持續改變時，應將動機型態轉為內在，避免運動行為降低而增加負面心情。

關鍵字

運動動機；階段改變模式；心情

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were: (1) to discriminate the exercise motivation on stage of change model; (2) to compare the differences among different stages of change model in exercise behavior. (3) to compare the difference among different stages of change model in mood. Longitudinal methods was utilized in this study, after stratified random sampling selected middle-aged and old 232 subjects, to self-administered questionnaire method carries on stage of change, exercise behavior, exercise motivation, and mood investigation, and to total 181 (average age 59.73±12.36 years old) subjects completed questionnaire twice in six month. The collected data were analyzed by the two-stage clustering approach, discriminate analysis, and one-way MANOVA. The results were as the following: (1) The health management, weight management, emotion management, and social influence stage of change model formation, has 60.30% and 39.70% explanations variations quantity. (2) The health and emotion management forms the change model had high exercise behavior than those of weight management and social forms the change model. (3) The health and emotion management forms the change model had high positive mood and low negative mood than those of weight management and social forms the change model. The study suggested: (1) The behavior change processes should maintain the intrinsic motivation, by way of the exercise behavior increase, the promotion positive mood and reduces the negative mood. (2) At the beginning of the behavior change although may use the external motivation change stage, when continues the change, should transfer intrinsic motivation, avoids the exercise behavior reducing increases the negative mood.