身體部位「顏kao,yan」的語義分析－以日文及中文為主

當人們與他人交會時最先映入眼簾的身體部位就是「顏（kao,yan）」，而我們喜怒哀樂的感情也大都藉由「顏（kao,yan）」的表情來判讀，因此「顏（kao,yan）」是我們認識他人時扮演著重要得角色。本研究以日語字典（6冊），中文字典（6冊），『分類語彙表ー増補改訂版』，『重編國語辭典修訂版1994』為主；將前兩項字典中「顏」的語義及後兩項類語詞典中「顏」的詞語為本論文研究的對象。研究方法為將中、日各字典中有關「顏」的語義及類語辭典中有關「顏」的語詞的分類、解釋、例句個別抽出然後再做比較分析。有關「顏」的語義部分：中、日字典中相似的用法有＜表情‧態度‧容貌＞、＜名譽‧面子＞2個項目。個別用法則有＜頭部的前面＞、＜知名度＞、＜成員＞、＜代表＞、＜物體表面＞、＜接尾詞＞、＜五的數字隱語＞（此7項限日文字典使用）、＜額頭＞、＜色彩＞、＜姓氏＞、＜匾額＞、＜題字＞（此5項限中文字典使用）合計12項。類語辭典中「顏」的詞語調査結果：中、日文類語辭典例句的數量皆約有150的例子，兩者間詞語的語義用法也大都集中在＜表情‧態度‧容貌＞的項目。中、日文類語辭典中皆有一個「顏」的詞語包含兩種以上的語義用法。但在「顏」的詞語分類項目上日文類語辭典的類別比中文類語辭典多；且兩者間的差異達2.5倍以上。此外，中、日文間皆有外形相同之「顏」的詞語如「顏色、紅顏、尊顏、天顏、龍顏」等,且彼此的語義用法有相似之處。本研究針對中、日文中身體部位「顏」的語義做一調查分析,有關兩者間的差異性做探討對照；希冀此次研究結果能在中文及日文語義研究方面提供參考之價值。

關鍵字

身體部位；顏；語義；顏的詞語；語義用法

並列摘要

This study is based on Japanese dictionary (book 6), Chinese Dictionary (book 6), Japanese Word List by Semantic Principles Revised and Enlarged Edition and Renumbering Mandarin Dictionary Revision 1994＂ (1994 Ministry of Education, ROC All rights reserved). Among former two dictionaries and lexical dictionaries, the research subject is to study face (kao, yan) from the first two dictionaries and face (kao, yan) from the other two lexical dictionaries. As for the research method is to analysis face (kao, yan) in both Chinese and Japanese dictionaries by exploring the words of classification, definition and example sentence comparison. Semantic of face (kao, yan) can be divided into two parts that are similarities and differences in both Chinese and Japanese dictionaries. Two similar semantic usages of face(kao, yan) are ＜expression‧attitude‧looks＞ and ＜reputation‧face＞. The individual usages are ＜in front of the head＞＜visibility＞, ＜member＞＜representation＞, ＜object surface＞, ＜suffix＞, ＜five figures argot＞ (Above 7 usages only use in Japanese dictionary), ＜forehead＞, ＜color＞＜last name＞, ＜plaque＞, ＜inscription＞ (these 5 usages only use in Chinese dictionary). There are total 12 usages in semantic of face (kao, yan). As for the research finding through the example sentences in both Chinese and Japanese lexical dictionaries, there are about 150 example sentences showing that the semantic usage is mostly focus on ＜expression‧attitude‧looks＞. Lexical of face (kao, yan) contains more than two semantic usages in Chinese and Japanese lexical dictionaries. However, in the face (kao, yan) words classification in Japanese lexical dictionary is 2.5 times in Chinese lexical dictionary. In addition, lexical of face (kao, yan)such as color, red face, zun yan, tian yan and long yan etc. are both portray the same description in Chinese and Japanese lexical dictionaries. The purpose of the research is to analysis and compare the semantic meaning of face (kao, yan) in Chinese and Japanese. The result of this study hopefully can provide reference value in Chinese and Japanese semantic further research.